ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Immunity following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in autoimmune neurological disorders treated with rituximab or ocrelizumab.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Safety Profiles of Ocrelizumab and Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Using Real-World Evidence.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Durable T cell immunity to COVID-19 vaccines in MS patients on B cell depletion therapy.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Exploring the therapeutic potential of IL-17A inhibition in myasthenia gravis: a retrospective study on secukinumab.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Cellular and humoral vaccination response under immunotherapies-German consensus on vaccination strategies in neurological autoimmune diseases.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis: what you need to know - a review.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Article
- COVID-19 vaccination and relapse activity: A nationwide cohort study of patients with multiple sclerosis in Denmark.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Immunosuppressive therapy and COVID-19 infection in patients with NMOSD.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Rituximab (RTX) and ocrelizumab (OCR), B cell-depleting therapy targeting CD20 molecules, affect the humoral immune response after vaccination. How these therapies influence T-cell-mediated immune response against SARS-CoV-2 after immunization remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the humoral and cellular immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine in a cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods: Patients with MS (83), NMOSD (19), or MG (7) undergoing RTX (n=47) or OCR (n=62) treatment were vaccinated twice with the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine. Antibodies were quantified using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG chemiluminescence immunoassay, targeting the spike protein. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses were quantified by interferon γ release assays (IGRA). The responses were evaluated at two different time points (4-8 weeks and 16-20 weeks following the 2nd dose of the vaccine). Immunocompetent vaccinated individuals (n=41) were included as controls. Results: Almost all immunocompetent controls developed antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike protein, but only 34.09% of the patients, without a COVID-19 history and undergoing anti-CD20 treatment (via RTX or OCR), seroconverted. This antibody response was higher in patients with intervals of longer than 3 weeks between vaccinations. The duration of therapy was significantly shorter in seroconverted patients (median 24 months), than in the non-seroconverted group. There was no correlation between circulating B cells and the levels of antibodies. Even patients with a low proportion of circulating CD19 Conclusion: The majority of MS, MG, and NMOSD patients developed a SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response. The data suggest that vaccination can induce SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in a portion of anti-CD20 treated patients. The seroconversion rate was higher in OCR-treated patients compared to those on RTX. The response represented by levels of antibodies was better in individuals, with intervals of longer than 3 weeks between vaccinations.
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