ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2023
Prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection alters postpartum human milk-derived extracellular vesicles.
Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Which casein micelle removal method is suitable for studies of human milk extracellular vesicles? A systematic comparison of four different treatments for casein depletion before extracellular vesicle isolation from human milk.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human milk-derived extracellular vesicles (HMEVs) are crucial functional components in breast milk, contributing to infant health and development. Maternal conditions could affect HMEV cargos; however, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on HMEVs remains unknown. This study evaluated the influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy on postpartum HMEV molecules. Milk samples (9 prenatal SARS-CoV-2 vs. 9 controls) were retrieved from the IMPRINT birth cohort. After defatting and casein micelle disaggregation, 1 mL milk was subjected to a sequential process of centrifugation, ultrafiltration, and qEV-size exclusion chromatography. Particle and protein characterizations were performed following the MISEV2018 guidelines. EV lysates were analyzed through proteomics and miRNA sequencing, while the intact EVs were biotinylated for surfaceomic analysis. Multi-Omics was employed to predict HMEV functions associated with prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Demographic data between the prenatal SARS-CoV-2 and control groups were similar. The median duration from maternal SARS-CoV-2 test positivity to milk collection was 3 months (range: 1-6 months). Transmission electron microscopy showed the cup-shaped nanoparticles. Nanoparticle tracking analysis demonstrated particle diameters of <200 nm and yields of >1e11 particles from 1 mL milk. Western immunoblots detected ALIX, CD9 and HSP70, supporting the presence of HMEVs in the isolates. Thousands of HMEV cargos and hundreds of surface proteins were identified and compared. Multi-Omics predicted that mothers with prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection produced HMEVs with enhanced functionalities involving metabolic reprogramming and mucosal tissue development, while mitigating inflammation and lower EV transmigration potential. Our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy boosts mucosal site-specific functions of HMEVs, potentially protecting infants against viral infections. Further prospective studies should be pursued to reevaluate the short- and long-term benefits of breastfeeding in the post-COVID era.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.