ArticleWorld journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy2023
Prevalence and clinical risk factors for esophageal candidiasis in non-human immunodeficiency virus patients: A multicenter retrospective case-control study.
Article in World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Risk factors for oral and esophageal candidiasis during budesonide treatment in eosinophilic esophagitis patients.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Candida Esophagitis in Patients with Solid Organ Cancers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- In Vitro Acid Resistance of PathogenicGastro hep advances · 2025Article
- Not the Yeast of Our Worries: A Case of Amphetamine-Induced Esophagitis.Journal of Brown hospital medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAlthough esophageal candidiasis (EC) may manifest in immunocompetent individuals, there is a lack of consensus in the current literature about predisposing conditions that increase the risk of infection.
aimTo determine the prevalence of EC in patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and identify risk factors for infection.
methodsWe retrospectively reviewed inpatient and outpatient encounters from 5 regional hospitals within the United States (US) from 2015 to 2020. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions were used to identify patients with endoscopic biopsies of the esophagus and EC. Patients with HIV were excluded. Adults with EC were compared to age, gender, and encounter-matched controls without EC. Patient demographics, symptoms, diagnoses, medications, and laboratory data were obtained from chart extraction. Differences in medians for continuous variables were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and categorical variables using chi-square analyses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for EC, after adjusting for potential confounding factors.
resultsOf the 1969 patients who had endoscopic biopsies of the esophagus performed from 2015 to 2020, 295 patients had the diagnosis of EC. 177 of 1969 patients (8.99%) had pathology confirming the diagnosis of EC and were included in the study for data collection and further analysis. In comparison to controls, patients with EC had significantly higher rates of gastroesophageal reflux disease (40.10%
conclusionPrevalence of EC in non-HIV patients was approximately 9% in the US from 2015-2020. Prior organ transplant, proton pump inhibitors, and corticosteroids were identified as independent risk factors for EC.
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