ArticleWorld journal of critical care medicine2023
Causative bacteria of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit in Bahrain: Prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility pattern.
Article in World journal of critical care medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Unseen Enemy: Mechanisms of Multidrug Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia that occurs two calendar days following endotracheal intubation or after that. It is the most common infection encountered among intubated patients. VAP incidence showed wide variability between countries.
aimTo define the VAP incidence in the intensive care unit (ICU) in the central government hospital in Bahrain and review the risk factors and the predominant bacterial pathogens with their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
methodsThe research was a prospective cross-sectional observational study over six months from November 2019 to June 2020. It included adult and adolescent patients (> 14 years old) admitted to the ICU and required intubation and mechanical ventilation. VAP was diagnosed when it occurred after 48 h after endotracheal intubation using the clinical pulmonary infection score, which considers the clinical, laboratory, microbiological, and radiographic evidence.
resultsThe total number of adult patients admitted to the ICU who required intubation and mechanical ventilation during the study period was 155. Forty-six patients developed VAP during their ICU stay (29.7%). The calculated VAP rate was 22.14 events per 1000 ventilator days during the study period, with a mean age of 52 years ± 20. Most VAP cases had late-onset VAP with a mean number of ICU days before the development of VAP of 9.96 ± 6.55. Gram-negative contributed to most VAP cases in our unit, with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter being the most identified pathogen.
conclusionThe reported VAP rate in our ICU was relatively high compared to the international benchmark, which should trigger a vital action plan for reinforcing the implementation of the VAP prevention bundle.
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