Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37396030›Full record

ArticleNature machine intelligence2021

The immuneML ecosystem for machine learning analysis of adaptive immune receptor repertoires.

Milena Pavlović, Lonneke Scheffer, Keshav Motwani, Chakravarthi Kanduri, Radmila Kompova, Nikolay Vazov, Knut Waagan, Fabian L M Bernal, Alexandre Almeida Costa, Brian Corrie and 32 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature machine intelligence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Revised Adaptive Immune Receptor Data in the Immune Epitope Database.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. AI-Driven BCR Modeling for Precision Immunology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. AMULETY: A Python package to embed adaptive immune receptor sequences.Immunoinformatics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Explore antibody repertoire in the era of AI.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025
    Article
  15. Machine learning in AIRR diagnostics: Advances and applications.Immunoinformatics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

42 authors.

Milena PavlovićDepartment of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Lonneke SchefferDepartment of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Keshav MotwaniDepartment of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, USA.
Chakravarthi KanduriCentre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Radmila KompovaCentre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Nikolay VazovUniversity Center for Information Technology, University of Oslo, Norway.
Knut WaaganUniversity Center for Information Technology, University of Oslo, Norway.
Fabian L M BernalUniversity Center for Information Technology, University of Oslo, Norway.
Alexandre Almeida CostaInstitute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Portugal.
Brian CorrieBiological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada.
Rahmad AkbarDepartment of Immunology, University of Oslo, Norway.
Ghadi S Al HajjDepartment of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Gabriel BalabanDepartment of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Todd M BruskoDepartment of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, USA.
Maria ChernigovskayaDepartment of Immunology, University of Oslo, Norway.
Scott ChristleyDepartment of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, USA.
Lindsay G CowellDepartment of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Robert FrankDepartment of Immunology, University of Oslo, Norway.
Ivar GryttenDepartment of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Sveinung GundersenCentre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Ingrid Hobæk HaffDepartment of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Eivind HovigDepartment of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Ping-Han HsiehCentre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Norway.
Günter KlambauerELLIS Unit Linz and LIT AI Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
Marieke L KuijjerCentre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Norway.
Christin Lund-AndersenDepartment of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Norway.
Antonio MartiniDepartment of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Thomas MinottoDepartment of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Johan PensarDepartment of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Knut RandDepartment of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Enrico RiccardiDepartment of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Philippe A RobertDepartment of Immunology, University of Oslo, Norway.
Artur RochaInstitute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Portugal.
Andrei SlabodkinDepartment of Immunology, University of Oslo, Norway.
Igor SnapkovDepartment of Immunology, University of Oslo, Norway.
Ludvig M SollidK.G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Dmytro TitovCentre for Bioinformatics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Cédric R WeberDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.
Michael WidrichELLIS Unit Linz and LIT AI Lab, Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
Gur YaariFaculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Israel.
Victor GreiffDepartment of Immunology, University of Oslo, Norway.
Geir Kjetil SandveDepartment of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway.

Funding

Project 3P01AI042288 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Todd Michael Brusko · 1997 to 2026
$32.9M
Engineering a Human Microphysiological System for the Characterization of Islet-Immune InteractionsUG3DK122638 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI AGARWAL, ASHUTOSH, BRUSKO, TODD MICHAEL · 2019 to 2020
$2.1M
NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI042288NIDDK NIH HHS UG3 DK122638
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adaptive immune receptor repertoires (AIRR) are key targets for biomedical research as they record past and ongoing adaptive immune responses. The capacity of machine learning (ML) to identify complex discriminative sequence patterns renders it an ideal approach for AIRR-based diagnostic and therapeutic discovery. To date, widespread adoption of AIRR ML has been inhibited by a lack of reproducibility, transparency, and interoperability. immuneML (immuneml.uio.no) addresses these concerns by implementing each step of the AIRR ML process in an extensible, open-source software ecosystem that is based on fully specified and shareable workflows. To facilitate widespread user adoption, immuneML is available as a command-line tool and through an intuitive Galaxy web interface, and extensive documentation of workflows is provided. We demonstrate the broad applicability of immuneML by (i) reproducing a large-scale study on immune state prediction, (ii) developing, integrating, and applying a novel deep learning method for antigen specificity prediction, and (iii) showcasing streamlined interpretability-focused benchmarking of AIRR ML.

Identifiers

PMID37396030
PMCPMC10312379

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.