ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2023
During Sepsis and COVID-19, the Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Responses Are Concomitant.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The core role of central nervous system in sepsis-related organ damage.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Procalcitonin testing combined with NEWS2 evaluation compared with usual care based on NEWS2 for identification of sepsis and antibiotic initiation in the emergency department in England and Wales (PRONTO): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2026Trial
- Decoding Immune Dysregulation in Sepsis Through Extracellular Vesicles: A Path to Precision Medicine.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Phospholipase PLA2G5-triggered hemolysis emerges as a contributor to sepsis lethality.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Relationship Between IL6/IL10 Serum Concentrations and Organ Function in Critically Ill Patients Based on Sepsis: A Prospective Study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- CLEC4D as an Effective Indicator for Assessing Severity of Illness in Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Study.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- The inflammation-immunosuppression loop as a driver of immune dysfunction and secondary infections in severe COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Genome-wide H3K4me3 profiling of circulating immune cells reveals dynamic epigenetic reprogramming during acute critical COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- sFGL2 as a Potential Immunosuppressive Biomarker Associated With COVID-19 Severity in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Role of damage-associated molecular patterns in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of traumatic brain injury.Burns & trauma · 2025Review
- Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatments update.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Reassessing sepsis research: new clues for old players and new players for an old symptom to improve patient outcomes.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- Features of Gene Regulation in Violation of the Inflammatory Response of Monocyte-like Cells Bearing Mitochondrial Mutations Associated with Atherosclerosis.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Mendelian Randomization RevealsJournal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Facing stress and inflammation: From the cell to the planet.World journal of experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Compartmentalization of the inflammatory response during bacterial sepsis and severe COVID-19.Journal of intensive medicine · 2024Review
- A review of typical biological activities of glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives.RSC advances · 2024Review
- The Changes in the Quantity of Lymphocyte Subpopulations during the Process of Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- New insights into the role of mitochondrial metabolic dysregulation and immune infiltration in septic cardiomyopathy by integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Article
- Molecular mechanisms of Sepsis attacking the immune system and solid organs.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The most severe forms of COVID-19 share many features with bacterial sepsis and have thus been considered to be a viral sepsis. Innate immunity and inflammation are closely linked. While the immune response aims to get rid of the infectious agent, the pro-inflammatory host response can result in organ injury including acute respiratory distress syndrome. On its side, a compensatory anti-inflammatory response, aimed to dampen the inflammatory reaction, can lead to immunosuppression. Whether these two key events of the host inflammatory response are consecutive or concomitant has been regularly depicted in schemes. Initially proposed from 2001 to 2013 to be two consecutive steps, the concomitant occurrence has been supported since 2013, although it was proposed for the first time in 2001. Despite a consensus was reached, the two consecutive steps were still recently proposed for COVID-19. We discuss why the concomitance view could have been initiated as early as 1995.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.