ArticleClinical neurology and neurosurgery2023
Predictors of seizure outcomes of autoimmune encephalitis: A clinical and morphometric quantitative analysis study.
Article in Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characteristics of and risk factors for epilepsy after autoimmune and infectious encephalitis.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis: recovery, residual symptoms and predictors of long-term sequelae.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Observational
- Autoimmune encephalitis-associated epilepsy.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Prognostic factors underlying the development of drug-resistant epilepsy in patients with autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2024Observational
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8 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveAutoimmune encephalitis can be followed by treatment-resistant epilepsy. Understanding its predictors and mechanisms are crucial to future studies to improve autoimmune encephalitis outcomes. Our objective was to determine the clinical and imaging predictors of postencephalitic treatment-resistant epilepsy.
methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study (2012-2017) of adults with autoimmune encephalitis, both antibody positive and seronegative but clinically definite or probable. We examined clinical and imaging (as defined by morphometric analysis) predictors of seizure freedom at long term follow-up.
resultsOf 37 subjects with adequate follow-up data (mean 4.3 yrs, SD 2.5), 21 (57 %) achieved seizure freedom after a mean time of 1 year (SD 2.3), and one third (13/37, 35 %) discontinued ASMs. Presence of mesial temporal hyperintensities on the initial MRI was the only independent predictor of ongoing seizures at last follow-up (OR 27.3, 95 %CI 2.48-299.5). Morphometric analysis of follow-up MRI scans (n = 20) did not reveal any statistically significant differences in hippocampal, opercular, and total brain volumes between patients with postencephalitic treatment-resistant epilepsy and those without. SIGNIFICANCE: Postencephalitic treatment-resistant epilepsy is a common complication of autoimmune encephalitis and is more likely to occur in those with mesial temporal hyperintensities on acute MRI. Volume loss in the hippocampal, opercular, and overall brain on follow-up MRI does not predict postencephalitic treatment-resistant epilepsy, so additional factors beyond structural changes may account for its development.
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