ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2023
Efficacy of dietary live or heat-killed Bacillus subtilis in goldfish (Carassius auratus) infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis.
Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Invisible Balance: How Prebiotics and Probiotics Can Support Fish Health and Development.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Efficacy of dietary live or heat-killed Bacillus subtilis in goldfish (Carassius auratus) infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis.Veterinary medicine and science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundThe beneficial effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth, immune response, and disease resistance against various diseases in different fish species have been proved. However, there are no data concerning this probiotic effect on skin mucosal immunity in fish infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich). Ich has a high mortality rate in both edible and ornamental fish and consequently is concerned with heavy economic losses.
objectivesThus, we assessed the efficacy of live and heat-killed B. subtilis on skin immunity and histopathology in goldfish (Carassius auratus) infected with Ich.
methodsGoldfish (144 fish, 2.38 g average weight) were stocked in nine glass tanks each in three replicates. Fish were fed 10
resultsProbiotic administration in both viable and non-viable forms could enhance the growth performance in goldfish. Probiotic therapy also reduced the density of the parasite and histopathological level on skin and gill tissues of the treated fish. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed a higher expression of lysozyme and tumour necrosis factor-α in the treated groups compared to the control group.
conclusionsThese data demonstrated the beneficial effect of B. subtilis as probiotic and paraprobiotic on growth performance and disease resistance to Ich infestation in goldfish.
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