ArticleClinical and experimental medicine2023
Type 2 cytokines and scleroderma interstitial lung disease.
Article in Clinical and experimental medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integration of clinical variables and CT radiomics features in a nomogram for predicting interstitial lung disease in Sjögren's syndrome.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- ICOSMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Serum CXCL-13 levels in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis are associated with the severity of interstitial lung disease.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2026Article
- The immune landscape of systemic sclerosis: from pathogenic mechanisms to precision therapeutic breakthroughs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunopathogenic Mechanisms in Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: Incessant Loop of Immunity to Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Serum IL-40 is elevated in systemic sclerosis and is linked to disease activity, gastrointestinal involvement, immune regulation and fibrotic processes.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Skin Diseases: The Importance of Immunological Signatures.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Review
- Insights into interstitial lung disease pathogenesis.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2025Review
- A review of recent studies on the pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis: focus on fibrosis pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Pathological mechanisms and novel drug targets in fibrotic interstitial lung disease.Inflammation and regeneration · 2024Review
- Review
- Associations of the circulating levels of cytokines with risk of systemic sclerosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomized study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Understanding interleukin 11 as a disease gene and therapeutic target.The Biochemical journal · 2023Review
- Interleukin-11 and its eminent role in tissue fibrosis: a possible therapeutic target.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Review
- Biomarkers in Systemic Sclerosis: An Overview.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Review
- In Systemic Sclerosis Patients, Peripheral Blood CD21Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a life-threatening complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Type 2 (Th2) cytokines play a pivotal role in airway disease. Study aim was to evaluate serum level of Th2 interleukin (IL) and chemokine in SSc-ILD. Serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-11, IL-13, IL-21, IL-31 and CXCL-13 were measured by Bio-Plex Multiplex Immunoassays in 60 SSc patients and 20 healthy controls (HC). Pulmonary function tests with diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were performed in SSc patients. ILD is defined as fibrotic changes (ground glass, reticular and honeycombing), assessed by Computer-Aided Lung Informatics for Pathology Evaluation and Ratings (CALIPER) software, affecting at least 10% of the lungs. Serum levels of Th2 cytokines were higher in SSc patients than HC. A linear correlation was observed between ground glass and IL-13 (r = 0.342, p < 0.01), IL-21 (r = 0.345, p < 0.01), IL-31 (r = 0.473, p < 0.001), IL-4 (r = 0.863, p < 0.001), IL-5 (r = 0.249, p < 0.05) and peripheral blood eosinophils (r = 0.463, p < 0.001). We found a negative correlation between DLco and IL-4 (r = - 0.511, p < 0.001) and peripheral blood eosinophils (r = - 0.446, p < 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, IL-4 is associated with DLco ≤ 60% of the predicted [OR 1.039 (CI 95%: 1.015-1.064), p < 0.001], whilst mRSS [OR 1.138 (CI 95%: 1.023-1.266), p < 0.05] and IL-4 [OR 1.017 (CI 95%: 1-1.034), p < 0.05] were associated with ILD. Th2 inflammation could play a key role in early phase of SSc-ILD.
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