ArticleNature communications2023
Programmable spatial deformation by controllable off-center freestanding 4D printing of continuous fiber reinforced liquid crystal elastomer composites.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- High Center-of-Mass, Multi-Legged Soft Robots Powered by Geometrically Encoded Liquid Crystal Elastomer Arc Appendages.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Bioinspired electrochemical artificial muscles with low voltage redox triggering and spontaneous contraction.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cytocompatible liquid crystal elastomer fibers for potential application as artificial skeletal or cardiac muscle.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- High-strength, programmable energy-dissipating liquid crystal elastomers via hydrogen-bond-locked 4D printing.iScience · 2026Article
- Single-parameter programmed thermomechanical actuation via 3D-printed helical director fields in liquid crystal elastomers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Continuous fabrication of Janus liquid crystal elastomer fibers with programmable actuation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Deformation Prediction of 4D-Printed Active Composite Structures Based on Data Mining.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Nanoconfined entanglement-enhanced phase separation enables tough and contractile ionogel fibers.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- Aramid Fiber-Reinforced Plastics (AFRPs) in Aerospace: A Review of Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives.Polymers · 2025Review
- Embedded Physical Intelligence in Liquid Crystalline Polymer Actuators and Robots.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- 4D printing of liquid crystal elastomer composites with continuous fiber reinforcement.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Wet-Spinning Carbon Nanotube/Shape Memory Polymer Composite Fibers with High Actuation Stress and Predesigned Shape Change.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- 4D Printing of Shape-Morphing Liquid Crystal Elastomers.Chem & bio engineering · 2024Review
- Shape programming of liquid crystal elastomers.Communications chemistry · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Owing to their high deformation ability, 4D printed structures have various applications in origami structures, soft robotics and deployable mechanisms. As a material with programmable molecular chain orientation, liquid crystal elastomer is expected to produce the freestanding, bearable and deformable three-dimensional structure. However, majority of the existing 4D printing methods for liquid crystal elastomers can only fabricate planar structures, which limits their deformation designability and bearing capacity. Here we propose a direct ink writing based 4D printing method for freestanding continuous fiber reinforced composites. Continuous fibers can support freestanding structures during the printing process and improve the mechanical property and deformation ability of 4D printed structures. In this paper, the integration of 4D printed structures with fully impregnated composite interfaces, programmable deformation ability and high bearing capacity are realized by adjusting the off-center distribution of the fibers, and the printed liquid crystal composite can carry a load of up to 2805 times its own weight and achieve a bending deformation curvature of 0.33 mm
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Registered trials
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