ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2024
Changes in Early Childhood Irritability and Its Association With Depressive Symptoms and Self-Harm During Adolescence in a Nationally Representative United Kingdom Birth Cohort.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Frustrative non-reward: A cross-species probe to study brain mechanisms of irritability.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Network analysis of depression, anxiety, and NSSI symptoms in adolescents: a clinical sample study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Mapping phenotypic and genetic relationships among irritability, depression and ADHD in adolescence using network analysis.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Cross-Cultural Consortium on Irritability (C3I): An International Network for Research on Cultural Similarities and Differences in Irritability.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Associations of childhood irritability and parenting profiles with youth suicide attempt: a longitudinal person-centered approach.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Examining harsh parenting as a moderator in the association between childhood irritability and adolescent suicidal behaviors.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Developmental shifts in irritable behaviors from preschool to school age: Longitudinal network analysis of heterotypic and homotypic continuity.International journal of behavioral development · 2025Article
- Association of Problematic Internet Use With Psychotic Experiences and Depression in Adolescents: A Cohort Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
- How to Link Assessment and Suitable Interventions for Adolescents: Relationships among Mental Health, Friendships, Demographic Indicators and Well-Being at School.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Irritability in Youths: A Critical Integrative Review.The American journal of psychiatry · 2024Review
- A vision for implementing equitable early mental health and resilience support in pediatric primary care: A transdiagnostic, developmental approach.Families, systems & health : the journal of collaborative family healthcare · 2024Article
- Parenting in the early years and self-harm in adolescence: The role of control and reward systems in childhood.Journal of affective disorders · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate longitudinal associations between changes in early childhood irritability, and depressive symptoms and self-harm at 14 years.
methodWe used data from 7,225 children in a UK-based general population birth cohort. Childhood irritability was measured at 3, 5, and 7 years using 4 items from 2 questionnaires (the Children's Social Behaviour Questionnaire [CSBQ] and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ]). Participants reported depressive symptoms via the short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (sMFQ) and self-harm via a single-item question, at 14 years. We used multilevel models to calculate within-child change in irritability between 3 and 7 years and examined associations between irritability, and depressive symptoms and self-harm at 14 years using linear and logistic regression models, respectively. We adjusted for child and family sociodemographic/economic characteristics, mental health difficulties, and child cognitive development.
resultsIrritability at ages 5 and 7 years was positively associated with depressive symptoms and self-harm at age 14 years. Irritability that remained high between 3 and 7 years was associated with depressive symptoms and self-harm at 14 years in unadjusted (depressive symptoms: β coefficient = 0.22, 95 % CI = 0.08-0.37, p = .003; self-harm: odds ratio = 1.09, 95 % CI = 1.01-1.16, p = .019) and adjusted models (depressive symptoms: β coefficient = 0.31, 95 % CI = 0.17-0.45, p < .001; self-harm: odds ratio = 1.12, 95 % CI = 1.0.4-1.19, p = .004). Results were similar in imputed samples.
conclusionChildren with irritability that remains high between 3 and 7 years are more likely to report higher depressive symptoms and self-harm during adolescence. These findings support early intervention for children with high irritability and universal interventions in managing irritability for parents of preschool-aged children.
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