ArticleClinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association2024
Achalasia is Strongly Associated With Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Other Allergic Disorders.
Article in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- AGA Clinical Practice Update on Esophageal Dysfunction Due to Disordered Immunity and Infection: Expert Review.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2024Guideline
- Beyond the Surface: Exploring Altered Esophageal Distensibility and Compliance in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- Associations of allergic diseases with the risk of incident achalasia of cardia: A large prospective cohort study and Mendelian randomization.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
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- Idiopathic achalasia: unraveling the etiology and pathogenesis of an inflammatory disease.Gastroenterology report · 2026Review
- The Relationship Between Esophageal Motility Disorders and Varicella Zoster Virus: A Study Using Salivary DNA.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- A Pilot Study of Corticosteroid Treatment for Achalasia-Variant Esophagogastric Junction Outflow Obstruction.Gastro hep advances · 2026Review
- The Impact of the Oral and Esophageal Microbiota in EoE and Achalasia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Does Eosinophilic Esophagitis Predispose to Achalasia?Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Article
- Presence of eosinophils may represent an earlier stage in achalasia pathogenesis.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Association of circulating cytokine levels and tissue-infiltrating myeloid cells with achalasia: results from Mendelian randomization and validation through clinical characteristics and single-cell RNA sequencing.Journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
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7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsAchalasia has been assumed to be an autoimmune disease targeting esophageal myenteric neurons. Recently, we proposed an alternative hypothesis that achalasia sometimes might be allergy-driven, caused by a form of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in which activated eosinophils and/or mast cells infiltrating esophageal muscle release products that disrupt motility and damage myenteric neurons. To seek epidemiologic support for this hypothesis, we identified patients with achalasia in the Utah Population Database, and explored their frequency of having EoE and other allergic disorders.
methodsWe used International Classification of Diseases codes to identify patients with achalasia and allergic disorders including EoE, asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, hives/urticaria, and anaphylaxis. We calculated relative risk (RR) for each allergic disorder by comparing the number observed in patients with achalasia with the expected number in individuals matched for birthyear and sex, and we performed subanalyses for patients age ≤40 versus age >40 years.
resultsAmong 844 patients with achalasia identified (55% female; median age at diagnosis, 58 years), 402 (47.6%) had ≥1 allergic disorder. Fifty-five patients with achalasia (6.5%) had EoE (1.67 EoE cases expected), for a RR of 32.9 (95% confidence interval, 24.8-42.8; P < .001). In 208 patients with achalasia age ≤40 years, the RR for EoE was 69.6 (95% confidence interval, 46.6-100.0; P < .001). RR also was increased significantly for all other allergic disorders evaluated (all greater than 3-fold higher than population rates).
conclusionsAchalasia is strongly associated with EoE and other allergic disorders. These data support the hypothesis that achalasia sometimes might have an allergic etiology.
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