Trial reportSocial science & medicine (1982)2023
Comparing the effect of a multisectoral agricultural intervention on HIV-related health outcomes between widowed and married women.
Trial report in Social science & medicine (1982), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02815579 (Agricultural Intervention for Food Security and HIV Health Outcomes in Kenya), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Agricultural Intervention for Food Security and HIV Health Outcomes in Kenya
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of an agricultural intervention on psychosocial health among pregnant and nonpregnant women with HIV in Kenya.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Spillover Effects of an Agricultural Livelihood Intervention Among People Living with HIV on Community Empowerment in Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Young widowhood as a predictor of HIV risk behaviors in a high HIV prevalence setting in Siaya County, Kenya.Global health action · 2026Article
- Factors associated with readmission risk in patients with HIV stratified by BMI: a hospital-based retrospective matched cohort study.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Widowhood stigma as a fundamental cause of poor mental, sexual, and reproductive health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: a conceptual framework.SSM. Mental health · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Intervention measures for stigma in HIV patients: a scoping review of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Exploring sociocultural factors and ubuntuism for women living with HIV in rural Zimbabwe.Curationis · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWidowed women make up 18-40% of the 12 million women living with HIV in eastern and southern Africa. Widowhood has also been associated with greater HIV morbidity and mortality. We compared the effectiveness of a multisectoral climate adaptive agricultural livelihood intervention (called Shamba Maisha) on food insecurity, and HIV related health outcomes among widowed and married women living with HIV in western Kenya.
methodsWe implemented Shamba Maisha (NCT02815579) using a cluster-randomized control trial design. The intervention arm received an US$175 in-kind loan to purchase a micro-irrigation pump, seeds, and fertilizer, and received eight training sessions on sustainable agriculture and financial management. Study outcomes were measured every 6 months over a 24-month follow-up period and trends in outcomes assessed using multilevel mixed-effects models.
resultsThe trial enrolled 232 (61.5%) married and 145 (38.5%) widowed women. Widowed women (mean age 42.8 ± 8.4 years) were older than married women (35.8 ± 9.0 years) (p < 0.01). Almost all widowed women (97.2%) self-identified as household heads compared to 10.8% of married women. Comparing widowed vs married women, reduction in food insecurity (-3.13, 95%CI -4.42, -1.84 vs. -3.08, 95%CI -4.15, -2.02), depressive symptoms (-0.21, 95%CI -0.36, -0.07 vs. -0.19, 95%CI -0.29, -0.08), internalized stigma (-0.33, 95%CI -0.55, -0.11 vs. -0.38, 95%CI -0.57, -0.19), and anticipated stigma (-0.46 95%CI -0.65, -0.28 vs. -0.35, 95%CI -0.50, -0.21) was similar for both groups. In contrast, improvements in social support (-2.22, 95%CI -3.85, -0.59 vs. -4.00, 95%CI -5.16, -2.84; p = 0.08) and reduction in enacted stigma (0.01, 95%CI -0.06, 0.08 vs. -0.14, 95%CI -0.20, -0.09; p < 0.01) were weaker for widowed than married women.
conclusionsOur study is among the first comparing the effect of a livelihood intervention on HIV health outcomes among widowed and married women. Widowed women experienced similar benefits as married women on individual-level outcomes, but weaker benefit on outcomes dependent on their external environment like enacted stigma and social support. Future trials and programs targeting widowed women should bolster stigma reduction and social support.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.