ArticleArchives of toxicology2023
Oral nicotine pouches with an aftertaste? Part 1: screening and initial toxicological assessment of flavorings and other ingredients.
Article in Archives of toxicology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- What is the impact of nicotine pouches on oral health: a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- Nicotine Pouch Advertising and Sales in Australia: A Qualitative Study of Younger People's Experiences.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026Article
- Nicotine pouches: an aid in smoking cessation, or a new public health hazard?Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- The ratio of propylene glycol to glycerol modulates nicotine taste and reward: more glycerol, more reward.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Research on the safety risk of oral nicotine products and its prospects.Current research in toxicology · 2026Review
- Prevalence, safety, and role of nicotine pouches in smoking cessation among smokers and the public in Saudi Arabia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Self-reported oral health outcomes after switching to a novel nicotine pouch technology: a pilot study.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2025Observational
- A comprehensive review on oral nicotine pouches: Available scientific evidence and future research needs.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- The Potential Impact of Oral Nicotine Pouches on Public Health: A Scoping Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Nicotine pouches: a narrative review of the existing literature.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Exploring the effect of nicotine pouches on users' health in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Beyond smoking: Risk assessment of nicotine in pouches.Toxicology reports · 2024Article
- The Effects of Nicotine Pouches and E-Cigarettes on Oral Microbes: A Pilot Study.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Awareness and use of nicotine pouches in a nationwide sample of adults in Poland.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Small pouches, but high nicotine doses-nicotine delivery and acute effects after use of tobacco-free nicotine pouches.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- A method for cancer elemental risk assessments in hookah: An example in two common types of traditional and flavored tobaccos in Iran.MethodsX · 2023Article
- Oral nicotine pouches with an aftertaste? Part 2: in vitro toxicity in human gingival fibroblasts.Archives of toxicology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nicotine pouches are oral products that deliver nicotine without containing tobacco. Previous studies mainly focused on the determination of known tobacco toxicants, while yet no untargeted analysis has been published on unknown constituents, possibly contributing to toxicity. Furthermore, additives might enhance product attractiveness. We therefore performed an aroma screening with 48 different nicotine-containing and two nicotine-free pouches using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, following acidic and basic liquid-liquid extraction. For toxicological assessment of identified substances, European and international classifications for chemical and food safety were consulted. Further, ingredients listed on product packages were counted and grouped by function. Most abundant ingredients comprised sweeteners, aroma substances, humectants, fillers, and acidity regulators. 186 substances were identified. For some substances, acceptable daily intake limits set by European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives are likely exceeded by moderate pouch consumption. Eight hazardous substances are classified according to the European CLP regulation. Thirteen substances were not authorized as food flavorings by EFSA, among them impurities such as myosmine and ledol. Three substances were classified by International Agency for Research on Cancer as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The two nicotine-free pouches contain pharmacologically active ingredients such as ashwagandha extract and caffeine. The presence of potentially harmful substances may point to the need for regulation of additives in nicotine-containing and nicotine-free pouches that could be based on provisions for food additives. For sure, additives may not pretend positive health effects in case the product is used.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.