ArticleOncoimmunology2023
A Chemically Defined TLR3 Agonist with Anticancer Activity.
Article in Oncoimmunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- TIR domain proteins: regulatory mechanisms in the tumor immune microenvironment, clinical translation strategies, and prospects for precision therapy applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Toll-like Receptor 3 as a Context-Dependent Molecular Switch in Epithelial Cancers: Balancing Cell Death and Tumor-Supportive Programs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Inhibition of MAPK p38α overcomes the cancer immunosurveillance defect caused by FPR1 loss-of-function mutation.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Activation of toll‑like receptors by non‑coding RNAs and their fragments (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Discovery ofActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
- Interaction of Selected Anthracycline and Tetracycline Chemotherapeutics with Poly(I:C) Molecules.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Toll-like receptor 3: a double-edged sword.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Complexities of Toll-like Receptors: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) in cancer immunity.Biology direct · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonists such as polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) have immunostimulatory effects that can be taken advantage of to induce anticancer immune responses in preclinical models. In addition, poly(I:C) has been introduced into clinical trials to demonstrate its efficacy as an adjuvant and to enhance the immunogenicity of locally injected tumors, thus reverting resistance to PD-L1 blockade in melanoma patients. Here, we report the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, mechanistic and toxicological profile of a novel TLR3 agonist, TL-532, a chemically synthesized double-stranded RNA that is composed by blocks of poly(I:C) and poly(A:U) (polyadenylic - polyuridylic acid). In preclinical models, we show that TL-532 is bioavailable after parenteral injection, has an acceptable toxicological profile, and stimulates the production of multiple chemokines and interleukins that constitute pharmacodynamic markers of its immunostimulatory action. When given at a high dose, TL-532 monotherapy reduced the growth of bladder cancers growing on mice. In addition, in immunodeficient mice lacking formylpeptide receptor-1 (FPR1), TL-532 was able to restore the response of orthotopic subcutaneous fibrosarcoma to immunogenic chemotherapy. Altogether, these findings may encourage further development of TL-532 as an immunotherapeutic anticancer agent.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.