Trial reportBMC health services research2023
Impact of Watson's human caring-based health promotion program on caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia.
Trial report in BMC health services research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of spiritual care program on self-efficacy and burden in mothers of children with leukemia.BMC psychology · 2025Trial
- "I Felt Like I Mattered": Caring is a key ingredient of collaborative care for chronic illness.Chronic illness · 2024Trial
- Effects of Watson's Human Caring Theory-based nursing care on fear of childbirth and birth experience: a randomized controlled trial.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Exploring the Relationship Between Caring and Missed Nursing Care: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Impact of evidence-based nursing intervention based on Watson's theory on rehabilitation compliance in elderly patients after intertrochanteric femur fracture surgery.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The effect of psychoeducational ıntervention on postpartum care on postpartum depression and breastfeeding: a randomized controlled trial.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Validation of the esthetics of nursing care scale among Iranian nurses.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Nursing students' attitudes toward cross-gender care: a cross-sectional study.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Identifying and Exploring Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring in Nursing Approaches for Patients with Psychoactive Substance Dependence in Medical and Surgical Acute Wards.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2024Article
- Correction: Impact of Watson's human caring-based health promotion program on caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia.BMC health services research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCaring for people with schizophrenia is accompanied by challenges that impact caregiver health. We conducted this study to explore the effect of a Caring Science-Based health promotion program on the sense of coherence and well-being among caregivers of persons with schizophrenia.
methodsThis randomized clinical trial with the Solomon four-group design was conducted on 72 caregivers randomly allocated into two intervention and two control groups. A health promotion program based on Watson's theory was performed individually through five face-to-face sessions and a four-week follow-up. Settings were the psychiatric centers of the three educational, specialty, and subspecialty Ibn-e-Sina, Moharary, and Hafez hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), south of Iran. The data were collected using a demographic information form, the Sense of Coherence Scale, and the Caregiver Well-Being Scale. One-way ANOVA, chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and independent t-test were used to determine the homogeneity at baseline. In the post-test, multiple between-groups and pairwise comparisons were assessed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc. Within-group comparisons were evaluated using paired t-tests. All tests were two-tailed, and the statistical level was considered 0.05.
resultsData analysis showed that the mean scores of caregiver sense of coherence and well-being from pre-intervention to post-intervention were significantly increased in the intervention groups (p < 0.001). At the same time, there were no significant differences in the control groups.
conclusionThe health promotion program based on Watson's human caring theory facilitated ongoing intrapersonal, and holistic caring and improved the sense of coherence and well-being in caregivers of persons with schizophrenia. Hence, this intervention is recommended for developing healing care programs.
trial registrationhttps://www.irct.ir/trial/55040 : IRCT20111105008011N2 (11/04/2021).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.