ArticleBMC nutrition2023
Milk kefir drink may not reduce depression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: secondary outcome analysis of a randomized, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial.
Article in BMC nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Psychobiotics in the Treatment of Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of multi-strain synbiotic supplementation on liver enzymes, insulin resistance, anthropometric, and inflammatory indices in overweight and obese adults with fatty liver and diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Efficacy of probiotic adjuvant therapy in women with major depressive disorder: insights from a case series study.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Article
- The effects of kefir drink on liver aminotransferases and metabolic indicators in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDepression is prevalent among individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and can cause poor health outcomes. Moreover, a solid bilateral association between NAFLD and depression has been shown, which may alleviate by kefir consumption. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of milk kefir drinks on the depression status of individuals with NAFLD.
methodsIn a secondary outcome analysis of a randomized, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial, 80 adults with grades 1 to 3 of NAFLD were included in an 8-week intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to Diet or Diet + kefir groups to either follow a low-calorie diet or a low-calorie diet along with a 500 cc milk kefir drink daily. The participants' demographic, anthropometric, dietary, and physical data were recorded before and after the study. Depression status was assessed using the Persian format of the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II-Persian) at the baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention.
resultsOverall, 80 participants aged 42.87 ± 10.67 years were included in the analysis. The data on the baseline demographic, dietary, and physical activity of the groups were not significantly different. During the study, participants in Diet + Kefir group had a significantly decreased energy (P = 0.02), carbohydrate (P = 0.4), and fat consumption (P = 0.4). However, during the study, the depression score was not significantly reduced in the Diet group, the Diet + Kefir group showed a significant reduction in depression (P = 0.02). However, between-group analyses for changes in depression were not significant (P = 0.59).
conclusionConsumption of milk kefir drink for 8 weeks may not reduce depression symptoms in adults with NAFLD.
trial registrationThe trial was registered at IRCT.ir as IRCT20170916036204N6 (August 2018).
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