ArticleBMC oral health2023
3-dimensional analysis of hard- and soft-tissue symmetry in a Chinese population.
Article in BMC oral health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Automated assessment of 3D facial asymmetry: a systematic review.European journal of orthodontics · 2026Pooled it
- Capabilities of Cephalometric Methods to Study X-rays in Three-Dimensional Space (Review).Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2024Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Dentofacial and Body Postural Asymmetries in Patients with Malocclusions-A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Novel approach to orbital hard- and soft-tissue symmetry analysis: a pilot validation.Head & face medicine · 2025Article
- Changes in Facial Soft Tissue Asymmetry in Class II Patients One Year After Orthognathic Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Analyzing Discrepancies and Correlations in Soft and Hard Tissue Asymmetry: A Focused Study on Hemifacial Microsomia and Isolated Microtia.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Accuracy Evaluation of a Three-Dimensional Face Reconstruction Model Based on the Hifi3D Face Model and Clinical Two-Dimensional Images.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comparison of Different 3D Surface Registration-Based Methods to Assess Facial Asymmetry.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Soft tissue movements after mandibular reconstruction using the vascularized iliac flap: patterns and predictions.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Article
- Facial asymmetry of the hard and soft tissues in skeletal Class I, II, and III patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Preoperative Eyelid and Eyebrow Asymmetry: A Potential Pre-Operation Inform Consent Option: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.World journal of plastic surgery · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFacial symmetry severely affects appearance and function. Large numbers of patients seek orthodontic treatment to improve facial symmetry. However, the correlation between hard- and soft-tissue symmetry is still unclear. Our aim was to investigate the hard- and soft-tissue symmetry in subjects with different levels of menton deviation and sagittal skeletal classes with 3D digital analysis and to investigate the relationship between the entire and individual hard- and soft-tissues.
methodsA total of 270 adults (135 males and 135 females) consisting of 45 subjects of each sex in each sagittal skeletal classification group. All subjects were further classified into relative symmetry (RS), moderate asymmetry (MA) and severe asymmetry (SA) groups based on the degree of menton deviation from the mid-sagittal plane (MSP). The 3D images were segmented into anatomical structures and mirrored across the MSP after establishing a coordinate system. Original and mirrored images were registered by a best-fit algorithm, and the corresponding root mean square (RMS) values and colormap were obtained. The Mann‒Whitney U test and Spearman correlation were conducted for statistical analysis.
resultsThe RMS increased with greater deviations with regard to the deviation of the menton in most of anatomical structures. Asymmetry was represented in the same way regardless of sagittal skeletal pattern. The soft-tissue asymmetry had a significant correlation with dentition in the RS group (0.409), while in the SA group, it was related to the ramus (0.526) and corpus (0.417) in males and was related to the ramus in the MA (0.332) and SA (0.359) groups in females.
conclusionsThe mirroring method combining CBCT and 3dMD provides a new approach for symmetry analysis. Asymmetry might not be influenced by sagittal skeletal patterns. Soft-tissue asymmetry might be reduced by improving the dentition in individuals with RS group, while among those with MA or SA, whose menton deviation was larger than 2 mm, orthognathic treatment should be considered.
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