Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37386417›Full record

SynthesisBMC psychiatry2023

Internalised stigma among people with mental illness in Africa, pooled effect estimates and subgroup analysis on each domain: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Wondale Getinet Alemu, Clemence Due, Eimear Muir-Cochrane, Lillian Mwanri, Anna Ziersch

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
12.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Wondale Getinet AlemuCollege of Medicine and Public health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. geti0001@flinders.edu.au.
Clemence DueSchool of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Eimear Muir-CochraneCollege of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
Lillian MwanriTorrens University Australia, Adelaide Campus, South Australia.
Anna ZierschCollege of Medicine and Public health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
Flinders University · AUTorrens University Australia · AUUniversity of Adelaide · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInternalisation of stigma occurs when people with a stigmatised attribute, such as a mental illness, supress negative but accepted societal attitudes. However, as far as is known, there is no comprehensive picture of the prevalence of and factors associated with, internalised stigma among people living with mental illness in Africa. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide new knowledge by examining the evidence on the prevalence of internalised stigma and associated factors among people living with mental illness in Africa.

methodsUsing the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and type of study (PICOT) approach, PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched using a structured search comprising terms associated with mental health, mental illness, internalised stigma, and a list of all African countries. To evaluate paper quality, the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Appraisal Checklist was used. Subgroup analysis with country and diagnosis was tested using a random-effect model, and bias was checked using a funnel plot and an inspection of Egger's regression test. A p-value, OR and 95% CI was used to demonstrate an association.

resultsThe pooled prevalence of internalised stigma was 29.05% (25.42,32.68: I

conclusionsInternalised stigma is common among people suffering from mental illnesses in Africa. This review determined that 29% of the sample population had elevated internalised stigma scores, and there were variations by country. People experiencing mental illness who have a single marital status, suicidal behaviours, poor social support, unemployed and have poor literacy levels were at a higher risk of internalised stigma. The finding points to populations that require support to address internalised stigma and improve the mental health outcomes.

Indexed as

Mental DisordersEthiopiaHumansMental HealthSocial StigmaStereotypingAfricaInternalisedMental illnessPerceived stigmaSelf-stigmaStigma

Identifiers

PMID37386417
PMCPMC10308748
OpenAlexW4382632584

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.