ArticleNature communications2023
Immunological imprinting of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Broadly Protective Antibody-Like Vaccines Against Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccination imprints fusion loop-biased antibody responses that are attenuated by repeated live-attenuated dengue vaccination.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Endemic penetrance of SARS-CoV-2 has impacted marginally on immunity to spike protein of human coronaviruses.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Safety and immunogenicity of fractional COVID-19 vaccine doses in Nigerian adults: A randomized non-inferiority trial.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Children exhibit a robust B-cell response to Omicron BA.2 after breakthrough infection with limited influence from the original antigenic sin.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Quality of Studies Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Neutralizing Antibody Immunogenicity.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Sequence Matters: Primary COVID-19 Vaccination after Infection Elicits Similar Anti-spike Antibody Levels, but Stronger Antibody Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity than Breakthrough Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- T cell hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in children: a longitudinal study.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Distinct SARS-CoV-2 populational immune backgrounds tolerate divergent RBD evolutionary preferences.National science review · 2024Article
- Vaccination impairs de novo immune response to omicron breakthrough infection, a precondition for the original antigenic sin.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Responses to Common Misconceptions Relating to COVID-19 Variant-Adapted mRNA Vaccines.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated children following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection.Clinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
- Persistent humoral immune response in youth throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: prospective school-based cohort study.Nature communications · 2023Article
- BNT162b2 vaccine protection against omicron and effect of previous infection variant and vaccination sequence among children and adolescents in Singapore: a population-based cohort study.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 are globally dominant and infection rates are very high in children. We measure immune responses following Omicron BA.1/2 infection in children aged 6-14 years and relate this to prior and subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Primary Omicron infection elicits a weak antibody response with poor functional neutralizing antibodies. Subsequent Omicron reinfection or COVID-19 vaccination elicits increased antibody titres with broad neutralisation of Omicron subvariants. Prior pre-Omicron SARS-CoV-2 virus infection or vaccination primes for robust antibody responses following Omicron infection but these remain primarily focussed against ancestral variants. Primary Omicron infection thus elicits a weak antibody response in children which is boosted after reinfection or vaccination. Cellular responses are robust and broadly equivalent in all groups, providing protection against severe disease irrespective of SARS-CoV-2 variant. Immunological imprinting is likely to act as an important determinant of long-term humoral immunity, the future clinical importance of which is unknown.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.