ArticlePloS one2023
Viruses in saliva from sanctuary chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Republic of Congo and Uganda.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mammal-infecting DNA viruses identified in lemurs and rodents in Madagascar mirror the evolutionary history of their hosts.Microbial genomics · 2026Article
- Minimal Evidence of Inflammaging in Naturalistic Chimpanzee Populations.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026Article
- Article
- Severe Generalized Tetanus in a Chimpanzee (Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Enucleation Due to Ocular Abscess in a Captive Chimpanzee (Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Decreases in chimpanzee respiratory disease signs and enteric viral quantity following implementation of anthroponotic disease prevention protocols at a long-term research site.Biological conservation · 2025Article
- 2024 taxonomy update for the family Circoviridae.Archives of virology · 2024Review
- Article
- Age-related physiological dysregulation progresses slowly in semi-free-ranging chimpanzees.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2024Article
- Novel Gammapapillomavirus type in the nasal cavity of a wild red colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles).Access microbiology · 2024Article
- Interspecies Papillomavirus Type Infection and a Novel Papillomavirus Type in Red Ruffed Lemurs (Viruses · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pathogen surveillance for great ape health monitoring has typically been performed on non-invasive samples, primarily feces, in wild apes and blood in sanctuary-housed apes. However, many important primate pathogens, including known zoonoses, are shed in saliva and transmitted via oral fluids. Using metagenomic methods, we identified viruses in saliva samples from 46 wild-born, sanctuary-housed chimpanzees at two African sanctuaries in Republic of Congo and Uganda. In total, we identified 20 viruses. All but one, an unclassified CRESS DNA virus, are classified in five families: Circoviridae, Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Retroviridae. Overall, viral prevalence ranged from 4.2% to 87.5%. Many of these viruses are ubiquitous in primates and known to replicate in the oral cavity (simian foamy viruses, Retroviridae; a cytomegalovirus and lymphocryptovirus; Herpesviridae; and alpha and gamma papillomaviruses, Papillomaviridae). None of the viruses identified have been shown to cause disease in chimpanzees or, to our knowledge, in humans. These data suggest that the risk of zoonotic viral disease from chimpanzee oral fluids in sanctuaries may be lower than commonly assumed.
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Registered trials
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