Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37384064›Full record

ReviewThe Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia2023

The burgeoning cardiovascular disease epidemic in Indians - perspectives on contextual factors and potential solutions.

Ankur Kalra, Arun Pulikkottil Jose, Poornima Prabhakaran, Ashish Kumar, Anurag Agrawal, Ambuj Roy, Balram Bhargava, Nikhil Tandon, Dorairaj Prabhakaran

Open access · diamondAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
39.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.

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13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Ankur KalraCardiovascular Institute, Kalra Hospitals, New Delhi, India.
Arun Pulikkottil JoseCentre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
Poornima PrabhakaranCentre for Environmental Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
Ashish KumarDepartment of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Ohio, USA.
Anurag AgrawalTrivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, New Delhi, India.
Ambuj RoyDepartment of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Balram BhargavaIndian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
Nikhil TandonDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Dorairaj PrabhakaranCentre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
All India Institute of Medical Sciences · INPublic Health Foundation of India · INAshoka University · INCleveland Clinic · USIndian Council of Medical Research · INLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and disability in India. The CVD epidemic in Indians is characterized by a higher relative risk burden, an earlier age of onset, higher case fatality and higher premature deaths. For decades, researchers have been trying to understand the reason for this increased burden and propensity of CVD among Indians. It can partly be explained by population-level changes and the remaining by increased inherent biological risk. While increased biological risk can be attributed to phenotypic changes caused by early life influences, six major transitions can be considered largely responsible for the population-level changes in India-epidemiological, demographic, nutritional, environmental, social-cultural and economic. Although conventional risk factors explain substantial population attributable risk, the thresholds at which these risk factors operate are different among Indians compared with other populations. Therefore, alternate explanations for these ecological differences have been sought and multiple hypotheses have been proposed over the years. Prenatal factors that include maternal and paternal influences on the offspring, and postnatal factors, ranging from birth through childhood, adolescence and young adulthood, as well as inter-generational influences have been explored using the life course approach to chronic disease. In addition to this, recent research has illustrated the importance of the role of inherent biological differences in lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, inflammatory states, genetic predispositions and epigenetic influences for the increased risk. A multifaceted and holistic approach to CVD prevention that takes into consideration population-level as well as biological risk factors would be needed to control the burgeoning CVD epidemic among Indians.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular diseaseIndiaSouth Asians

Identifiers

PMID37384064
PMCPMC10305862
OpenAlexW4319877945

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.