ArticleHealth policy OPEN2023
The impact of external reference pricing on pharmaceutical costs and market dynamics.
Article in Health policy OPEN, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Price of Speed: Estimating the Impact of List Prices on Time to Availability of New Medicines in 18 European Countries.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Article
- Pricing of innovative medicines and advanced therapies worldwide: an scoping review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Most-Favored-Nation Benchmarking Versus Value-Based Contracting: Institutional Fit of Pharmaceutical Pricing Tools in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom.Health services insights · 2026Article
- Stakeholder engagement and pharmaceutical pricing regulation: a qualitative inquiry.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2025Article
- The Hurdle of Access to Emerging Therapies and Potential Solutions in the Management of Dyslipidemias.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Timely, Cheap, or Risk-Free? The Effect of Regulation on the Price and Availability of New Drugs.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Are Turkish pharmaceutical pricing strategies an access barrier to oncology medicines for Türkiye?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Growth in the cost of prescription drugs in the US has generated significant interest in the use of external reference pricing (ERP) to tie prices paid for drugs to those in other countries. We used data from the Pricentric ONE™ database, an international drug pricing database, to examine product launch timing, launch price, and price changes from January 2010 - October 2021 in both ERP and non-ERP settings, with a focus on 100 high-priced drugs of interest to Medicare and Medicaid. We found that ERP policies were associated with a 73% reduction in the likelihood of drug launch within 9 months of regulatory approval relative to non-ERP settings. In addition, while ERP was associated with statistically significant reductions in annual drug price changes, such policies did not impact launch price. In addition, no single ERP feature (e.g., number of countries referenced, ERP calculation) was materially associated with the outcomes of interest. We conclude that ERP policies do not appear to impact drug launch price and may delay access to new therapies, raising questions about the utility of such policies in the US and potential consequences abroad.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.