ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
Immune profiling in multiple sclerosis: a single-center study of 65 cytokines, chemokines, and related molecules in cerebrospinal fluid and serum.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of thoracic manipulation with trigger point therapy on inflammatory cytokine levels in individuals with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Trial
- Antiviral and inflammatory immune signatures in anti-CD20-treated multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Serum Levels of the Proinflammatory Cytokines IL-6, IL-16, IL-18, and IL-36 in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis from the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: Associations with Disease Duration and Disability.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Distinct immunomodulatory effects of synthetic progestins compared with natural progesterone in human immune cells.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- Biomarkers for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease: recent advances and future.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: Markers of Severity and Outcome.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Kappa Free Light Chain Index and Oligoclonal Bands in Varicella Zoster Virus Infection and Neuroborreliosis: A Matter of Timing?European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- New serum soluble factors predicting inflammatory and non-inflammatory disability worsening in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- T-cell repertoire correlates with cytokine imbalance in multiple sclerosis patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Chemokines as therapeutic targets for multiple sclerosis: a spatial and chronological perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Intensity of Intrathecal Total IgG Synthesis in Multiple Sclerosis Correlates with the Degree of Pleocytosis, Diversity of Intrathecal Antiviral Antibody Specificities, and Female Sex.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comparative targeted lipidomics between serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients shows sex and age-specific differences of endocannabinoids and glucocorticoids.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2024Article
- Glial Cells as Key Regulators in Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Associated with Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Chemokine-mediated cell migration into the central nervous system in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The understanding of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) has evolved alongside the characterization of cytokines and chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. However, the complex interplay of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in different body fluids in people with MS (pwMS) and their association with disease progression is still not well understood and needs further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to profile a total of 65 cytokines, chemokines, and related molecules in paired serum and CSF samples of pwMS at disease onset. Methods: Multiplex bead-based assays were performed and baseline routine laboratory diagnostics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and clinical characteristics were assessed. Of 44 participants included, 40 had a relapsing-remitting disease course and four a primary progressive MS. Results: There were 29 cytokines and chemokines that were significantly higher in CSF and 15 in serum. Statistically significant associations with moderate effect sizes were found for 34 of 65 analytes with sex, age, CSF, and MRI parameters and disease progression. Discussion: In conclusion, this study provides data on the distribution of 65 different cytokines, chemokines, and related molecules in CSF and serum in newly diagnosed pwMS.
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