ArticleAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP2023
Safety Assessment of a Nucleoside Analogue FNC (2'-deoxy-2'- β-fluoro-4'-azidocytidine ) in Balb/c Mice: Acute Toxicity Study.
Article in Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Azvudine in Patients With COVID-19 in China: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.The clinical respiratory journal · 2024Pooled it
- Salidroside in heavy metal toxicity: a mechanistic review of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a nomogram to assess the occurrence of liver dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in the ICU.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A small molecule compound targeting hemagglutinin inhibits influenza A virus and exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2024Article
- FNC (4'-azido-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro(arbino)cytidine) as an Effective Therapeutic Agent for NHL: ROS Generation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Article
- Pharmacological Insights: Mitochondrial ROS Generation by FNC (Azvudine) in Dalton's Lymphoma Cells Revealed by Super Resolution Imaging.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe present study aimed to provide an insight into the acute toxicity of a novel fluorinated nucleoside analogue (FNA), FNC (Azvudine or2'-deoxy-2'-β-fluoro-4'-azidocytidine). FNC showed potent anti-viral and anti-cancer activities and approved drug for high-load HIV patients, despite, its acute toxicity study being lacking. MATERIALS AND
methodsOECD-423 guidelines were followed during this study and the parameters were divided into four categories - behavioral parameters, physiological parameters, histopathological parameters, and supplementary tests. The behavioral parameters included feeding, body weight, belly size, organ weight and size, and mice behavior. The physiological parameters consisted of blood, liver, and kidney indicators. In histopathological parameters hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to analyse the histological changes in the mice organs after FNC exposure. In addition, supplementary tests were conducted to assess cellular viability, DNA fragmentation and cytokine levels (IL-6 and TNF-α) in response to FNC.
resultsIn the behavioral parameters FNC induced changes in the mice-to-mice interaction and activities. Mice's body weight, belly size, organ weight, and size remained unchanged. Physiological parameters of blood showed that FNC increased the level of WBC, RBC, Hb, and neutrophils and decreased the % count of lymphocytes. Liver enzymes SGOT (AST), and ALP was increased. In the renal function test (RFT) cholesterol level was significantly decreased. Histopathological analysis of the liver, kidney, brain, heart, lungs, and spleen showed no sign of tissue damage at the highest FNC dose of 25 mg/kg b.wt. Supplementary tests for cell viability showed no change in viability footprint, through our recently developed dilution cum-trypan (DCT) assay, and Annexin/PI. No DNA damage or apoptosis was observed in DAPI or AO/EtBr studies. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α increased in a dose-dependent manner.
conclusionThis study concluded that FNC is safe to use though higher concentration shows slight toxicity.
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