ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2023
The distribution of dietary choline intake and serum choline levels in Australian women during pregnancy and associated early life factors.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary intake and food sources of choline in Koreans: findings from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey 2018-2022.Nutrition research and practice · 2026Article
- Effects of UMP, Choline, and Fish Oil on Synaptic Integrity and Motor Coordination in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with altered feto-placental blood flow and sex-specific placental changes.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Dietary choline intake in European and non-european populations: current status and future trends-a narrative review.Nutrition journal · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMaternal dietary choline has a central role in foetal brain development and may be associated with later cognitive function. However, many countries are reporting lower than recommended intake of choline during pregnancy.
methodsDietary choline was estimated using food frequency questionnaires in pregnant women participating in population-derived birth cohort, the Barwon Infant Study (BIS). Dietary choline is reported as the sum of all choline-containing moieties. Serum total choline-containing compounds (choline-c), phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics in the third trimester. The main form of analysis was multivariable linear regression.
resultsThe mean daily dietary choline during pregnancy was 372 (standard deviation (SD) 104) mg/day. A total of 236 women (23%) had adequate choline intake (440 mg/day) based on the Australian and New Zealand guidelines, and 27 women (2.6%) took supplemental choline ([Formula: see text] 50 mg/dose) daily during pregnancy. The mean serum choline-c in pregnant women was 3.27 (SD 0.44) mmol/l. Ingested choline and serum choline-c were not correlated (R
conclusionIn this cohort, approximately one-quarter of women met daily choline recommendations during pregnancy. Future studies are needed to understand the potential impact of low dietary choline intake during pregnancy on infant cognition and metabolic intermediaries.
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