ReviewViruses2023
Viral Infections and Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review.
Review in Viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted Interventions in HAM/TSP: Emerging Therapies and Future Directions - A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Comprehensive antigen profiling predicts post-surgical neuropathic pain in women treated for breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Influenza virus infection during pregnancy: a review of risk factors, pathogenic mechanisms, and prevention strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From HIV to SARS-CoV-2 associated neurological disorder ("HAND" to "SAND"): Viral infection as a "time-bomb" for the aging brain.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- Blood‑brain barrier dysfunction in schizophrenia: Mechanisms and implications (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Unveiling the Interplay of EBV, HSV-1, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Psychiatric Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Viewing Psychiatric Disorders Through Viruses: Simple Architecture, Burgeoning Implications.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Unravelling the Viral Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Involvement of virus infections and antiviral agents in schizophrenia.Psychological medicine · 2025Review
- Effects of positive mGlu5 modulation on DJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Viruses and psychiatric disorders: We have not crossed the borderline from hypothesis to proof yet (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- First-Episode Psychosis incidence pre-, during, and post-COVID-19 pandemic: a six-year natural quasi-experimental study in South London.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Chronic exposure to glucocorticoids amplifies inhibitory neuron cell fate during human neurodevelopment in organoids.Science advances · 2025Article
- Acute Schizophrenia-like Psychotic Disorder Against the Background of COVID-19.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- Human endogenous retroviruses in schizophrenia: clinical evidence, molecular mechanisms, and implications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- A mechanism of global gene expression regulation is disrupted by multiple disease states and drug treatments.PloS one · 2025Article
- Increased Herpes simplex virus 1, Toxoplasma gondii and Cytomegalovirus antibody concentrations in severe mental illness.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- Integrated Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanisms of Ningshen Wendan Decoction in the Treatment of Schizophrenia.Alpha psychiatry · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with multiple genetic and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Viral infections have been suggested to be one of the environmental factors associated with the development of this disorder. We comprehensively review all relevant published literature focusing on the relationship between schizophrenia and various viral infections, such as influenza virus, herpes virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), retrovirus, coronavirus, and Borna virus. These viruses may interfere with the normal maturation of the brain directly or through immune-induced mediators, such as cytokines, leading to the onset of schizophrenia. Changes in the expression of critical genes and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines have been linked to virally-induced infections and relevant immune activities in schizophrenia. Future research is necessary to understand this relationship better and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.