ReviewVaccines2023
Real-World Safety of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Vaccines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety of BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Growing attention of immunogenicity among patients with autoimmune diseases post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: meta-analysis and systematic reviews of the current studies.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials Using mRNA Vaccines for Infectious Diseases other than COVID-19.British journal of biomedical science · 2025Pooled it
- mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: science versus misinformation.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Adapting covid-19 vaccination through targeted approaches: FDA-approved vaccines for the 2025-2026 season.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Article
- A Comprehensive Review of mRNA-based Vaccines for COVID-19, A New Era in Pharmaceuticals: Unspecified and Unknown Aspects, Effects and Challenges.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- mRNA vaccine sequence and structure design and optimization: Advances and challenges.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Review
- The Impact of Vaccination on COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Related Outcomes: A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
- Sex differences in symptoms following the administration of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in children below 5 years of age in Germany (CoVacU5): a retrospective cohort study.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Long-term risk of autoimmune diseases after mRNA-based SARS-CoV2 vaccination in a Korean, nationwide, population-based cohort study.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Advances in Nucleic Acid Universal Influenza Vaccines.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Optimizing Pharmacological and Immunological Properties of Therapeutic Proteins Through PEGylation: Investigating Key Parameters and Their Impact.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Review
- Opportunities and challenges to implementing mRNA-based vaccines and medicines: lessons from COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The impact of comorbidity status in COVID-19 vaccines effectiveness before and after SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in northeastern Mexico: a retrospective multi-hospital study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination Effectiveness in the General Population of an Italian Province: Two Years of Follow-Up.Vaccines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
With the mass vaccination program for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, there has been sufficient real-world study (RWS) on the topic to summarize their safety in the total population and in immunocompromised (IC) patients who were excluded from phase 3 clinical trials. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, with a total of 5,132,799 subjects from 122 articles. In the case of the total population vaccinated with first, second, and third doses, the pooled incidence of any adverse events (AEs) was 62.20%, 70.39%, and 58.60%; that of any local AEs was 52.03%, 47.99%, and 65.00%; that of any systemic AEs was 29.07%, 47.86%, and 32.71%. Among the immunocompromised patients, the pooled odds ratio of any AEs, any local AEs, and systemic AEs were slightly lower than or similar to those of the healthy controls at 0.60 (95% CI: 0.33-1.11), 0.19 (95% CI: 0.10-0.37), and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.25-0.54), with pooled incidences of 51.95%, 38.82%, and 31.00%, respectively. The spectrum of AEs associated with the vaccines was broad, but most AEs were transient, self-limiting, and mild to moderate. Moreover, younger adults, women, and people with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to experience AEs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.