ArticlePharmaceutics2023
Spruce Balm-Based Semisolid Vehicles for Wound Healing: Effect of Excipients on Rheological Properties and Ex Vivo Skin Permeation.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Serial-Passage Assessment Shows No Confirmed Resistance Development to Norway Spruce (Picea Abies) Resin in Bacterial Species Relevant to Wound Infection.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Neomycin sulfate and triamcinolone acetonide suspended ointment designed for transdermal delivery: formulation and in vitro evaluation.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025Article
- Refining the rheological characteristics of high drug loading ointment via SDS and machine learning.PloS one · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The treatment of chronic wounds, an important issue with the growing elderly population, is increasingly hindered by antibiotic resistance. Alternative wound care approaches involve the use of traditional plant-derived remedies, such as purified spruce balm (PSB), with antimicrobial effects and the promotion of cell proliferation. However, spruce balm is difficult to formulate due to its stickiness and high viscosity; dermal products with satisfying technological properties and the scientific literature on this topic are scarce. Thus, the aim of the present work was to develop and rheologically characterize a range of PSB-based dermal formulations with different hydrophilic/lipophilic compositions. Mono- and biphasic semisolid formulations based on different compounds (petrolatum, paraffin oil, wool wax, castor oil, and water) were developed and characterized by their organoleptic and rheological measurements. A chromatographic method of analysis was established, and skin permeation data were collected for pivotal compounds. The results showed that the dynamic viscosity ranged from 10 to 70 Pas at 10/s for the different shear-thinning systems. The best formulation properties were observed for water-free wool wax/castor oil systems with 20%
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