ReviewNutrients2023
Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review.
Review in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 432 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
432 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 649 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biochemical, Molecular and Behavioral Changes Induced by High-fat and High-sugar Diets: A Systematic Review of Non-clinical Studies.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Pooled it
- Beneficial effects of a high-anthocyanin diet versus a Westernized diet on colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in adult patients with diabetes and associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- High dietary inflammatory index is associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity in adults: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Association Between Educational Attainment and Overweight/Obesity in Eight South Asian Countries: A Systematic Review.Asia-Pacific journal of public health · 2026Pooled it
- The Impact of Mindfulness Interventions upon Visual Attention and Attentional Bias Towards Food Cues: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Interactive Conversational Agents to Improve Dietary Behaviors for Health Promotion: Mixed Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of a Plant-Based Multi-StrainNutrients · 2026Trial
- Beyond Nutrients: NOVA-Defined Dietary Patterns in Crohn's Disease and Healthy Adults.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Temporal nutrition analysis associates dietary regularity and quality with gut microbiome diversity: insights from the Food & You digital cohort.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Gut microbiome in type 2 diabetes: insights from metagenomics, multi-omics, and diet-microbe interactions.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Relationship Between Hypovitaminosis C, Obesity, and Features of Metabolic Syndrome-A Narrative Review.Nutrition reviews · 2026Review
- Targeting the Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Disease: Current Therapeutic Strategies and Future Perspectives.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The Gut-Heart Axis in Cardiovascular Disease: Microbial Metabolites, Mediterranean and Traditional Turkish Dietary Patterns, and Personalized Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From metabolites to membrane vesicles: Unifying gut microbial signals in obesity, t2dm, and MASLD.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Methanogens: vital but threatened members of the human microbiome?Trends in microbiology · 2026Review
- Nutritional Modulation of the Gut Microbiome-Metabolite Axis in Cardiovascular Disease: From Dietary Patterns to Cardiovascular Risk.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- The Gut Microbiome as a Mechanistic Link Between the Planetary Health Diet and Healthy Aging.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The beneficial properties of CBDA in diet-induced neuroinflammation.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
372 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried foods, conventionally raised animal products, high-fat dairy products, and high-fructose products. The present review aims to describe the effect of the Western pattern diet on the metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status; the impact on gut microbiota and mitochondrial fitness; the effect of on cardiovascular health, mental health, and cancer; and the sanitary cost of the Western diet. To achieve this goal, a consensus critical review was conducted using primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary sources, including bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages. Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Sports Discuss, ResearchGate, and the Web of Science were used to complete the assignment. MeSH-compliant keywords such "Western diet", "inflammation", "metabolic health", "metabolic fitness", "heart disease", "cancer", "oxidative stress", "mental health", and "metabolism" were used. The following exclusion criteria were applied: (i) studies with inappropriate or irrelevant topics, not germane to the review's primary focus; (ii) Ph.D. dissertations, proceedings of conferences, and unpublished studies. This information will allow for a better comprehension of this nutritional behavior and its effect on an individual's metabolism and health, as well as the impact on national sanitary systems. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are made.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.