ReviewNutrients2023
Classification and Special Nutritional Needs of SGA Infants and Neonates of Multiple Pregnancies.
Review in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimizing Feeding Practices Improves Outcomes During Early Childhood in Former Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Infants.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Angiogenic Biomarkers and Neonatal Outcomes in Suspected Preeclampsia: Retrospective Cohort Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Small for Gestational Age and Motor Development in Children: A Narrative Review of Risk Factors, Brain Mechanisms, and Early Interventions.Developmental neuroscience · 2025Review
- Does Breastfeeding Small for Gestational Age Neonates Promote a Healthier Growth Pattern? A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Relationship Between Birthweight for Gestational Age and Colostrum Macronutrient Composition: A Comparative Analysis in Small, Appropriate, and Large for Gestational Age Infants.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2025Observational
- Differences in catch-up growth and its relationship to nutritional status between SGA and AGA twins and singletons in the first year after birth: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association between birthweight discordance and extrauterine growth restriction among preterm twins: a national multi-center study in China.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Construction and SHAP interpretability analysis of a risk prediction model for feeding intolerance in preterm newborns based on machine learning.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2024Article
- Preeclampsia and Future Implications on Growth and Body Composition in Preterm Infants.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Bone Status and Early Nutrition in Preterm Newborns with and without Intrauterine Growth Restriction.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Effects of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) on Growth and Body Composition Compared to Constitutionally Small Infants.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Time to Initiate Trophic Feeding and Its Predictors Among Preterm Infants at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.Sage open pediatricsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Data regarding the nutritional management of preterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants are scarce. In the recent report of ESPGHAN, the recommended energy for very preterm infants during hospitalization has been increased, yet this may not fit the needs of all preterm infants. It is important to distinguish fetal growth-restricted (FGR) infants from constitutional SGA infants, as well as preterm SGA from preterm AGA infants, since they may have different nutritional needs. Preterm FGR infants, and specifically infants < 29 weeks' gestation, accumulate nutrient deficits due to intrauterine malnutrition, prematurity, morbidities, delayed initiation of feeding, and feeding intolerance. Therefore, these infants may need more aggressive nutrition for optimal catch-up growth and neurologic development. However, a balance should be kept between optimal and excessive catch-up growth, since the combination of intrauterine malnutrition and excessive postnatal growth has been linked with later adverse metabolic consequences. Furthermore, multiple gestation is often complicated by FGR and prematurity. There is controversy in the definition of FGR in multiple gestations, and it should be noted that FGR in multiple gestation usually differs etiologically from FGR in singletons. The aim of this review is to summarize existing knowledge regarding the nutritional needs of preterm FGR and FGR infants of multiple gestation.
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Registered trials
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