ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Challenges and Strategies for Developing Recombinant Vaccines against Leptospirosis: Role of Expression Platforms and Adjuvants in Achieving Protective Efficacy.
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Classical Bacterins to Recombinant Vaccines: Critical Aspects of the Immune Response in Ruminants.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Revisiting genital leptospirosis in large animals: impacts on reproductive health, diagnostic challenges, and future directions.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Review
- Use of shotgun immunoproteomics for the development of protein vaccines against Edwardsiella piscicida.Fish & shellfish immunology · 2026Article
- Expression and Immunogenicity Analysis of Recombinant Leptospira Interrogans Surface Protein LigA in Mouse Model.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Recombinant Live-AttenuatedVaccines · 2024Review
- Recent development of oral vaccines (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Review
- Bovine Genital Leptospirosis: An Update of This Important Reproductive Disease.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Immunological characterization of recombinant outer membrane Loa22 protein of local pathogenicVeterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The first leptospiral recombinant vaccine was developed in the late 1990s. Since then, progress in the fields of reverse vaccinology (RV) and structural vaccinology (SV) has significantly improved the identification of novel surface-exposed and conserved vaccine targets. However, developing recombinant vaccines for leptospirosis faces various challenges, including selecting the ideal expression platform or delivery system, assessing immunogenicity, selecting adjuvants, establishing vaccine formulation, demonstrating protective efficacy against lethal disease in homologous challenge, achieving full renal clearance using experimental models, and reproducibility of protective efficacy against heterologous challenge. In this review, we highlight the role of the expression/delivery system employed in studies based on the well-known LipL32 and leptospiral immunoglobulin-like (Lig) proteins, as well as the choice of adjuvants, as key factors to achieving the best vaccine performance in terms of protective efficacy against lethal infection and induction of sterile immunity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.