ArticleMicromachines2023
Depth Dose Enhancement in Orthovoltage Nanoparticle-Enhanced Radiotherapy: A Monte Carlo Phantom Study.
Article in Micromachines, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Simulation-Based X-Ray Spectrum Optimization for Dose Enhancement in X-Ray-Induced Photodynamic Therapy with NaLuFBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Monte Carlo Simulations in Nanomedicine: Advancing Cancer Imaging and Therapy.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Effect of Dose Enhancement in Tumor With Silver Nanoparticles on Surrounding Healthy Tissues: A Monte Carlo Study.Technology in cancer research & treatmentArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study was to examine the depth dose enhancement in orthovoltage nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy for skin treatment by investigating the impact of various photon beam energies, nanoparticle materials, and nanoparticle concentrations.
methodsA water phantom was utilized, and different nanoparticle materials (gold, platinum, iodine, silver, iron oxide) were added to determine the depth doses through Monte Carlo simulation. The clinical 105 kVp and 220 kVp photon beams were used to compute the depth doses of the phantom at different nanoparticle concentrations (ranging from 3 mg/mL to 40 mg/mL). The dose enhancement ratio (DER), which represents the ratio of the dose with nanoparticles to the dose without nanoparticles at the same depth in the phantom, was calculated to determine the dose enhancement.
resultsThe study found that gold nanoparticles outperformed the other nanoparticle materials, with a maximum DER value of 3.77 at a concentration of 40 mg/mL. Iron oxide nanoparticles exhibited the lowest DER value, equal to 1, when compared to other nanoparticles. Additionally, the DER value increased with higher nanoparticle concentrations and lower photon beam energy.
conclusionsIt is concluded in this study that gold nanoparticles are the most effective in enhancing the depth dose in orthovoltage nanoparticle-enhanced skin therapy. Furthermore, the results suggest that increasing nanoparticle concentration and decreasing photon beam energy lead to increased dose enhancement.
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