ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Reasons for the Sex Bias in Osteoarthritis Research: A Review of Preclinical Studies.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of growth differentiation factor 5 rs143383 gene polymorphism with osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Pooled it
- Female patients report comparable results to males after the implantation of an aragonite-based scaffold for the treatment of knee chondral and osteochondral defects: a gender-based analysis of a RCT at 4 years' follow-up.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2025Trial
- 3D Light sheet microscopy reveals aging osteoarthritis-associated joint-innervated nerve remodeling in mouse knee joints.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2026Article
- Origin of sexual dimorphism in osteoarthritis risk: the impact of pregnancy and parental care.BMC public health · 2026Article
- MEX3B aggravates osteoarthritis progression by post-transcriptionally activating TLR4-NF-κB signaling axis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional study unveiling the global impact and future projections through 2060 of osteoarthritis.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Advanced Biomaterial-Based In Vitro Osteoarthritis Models: Integrating Sex as a Biological Variable in Hormonal, Subchondral Bone, and Mechanobiological Pathways.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- A Multidimensional Definition of Pre-Osteoarthritis: Toward 21st-Century Subclinical Detection and Targeted Intervention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The bidirectional relationship between knee osteoarthritis and frailty in China: A longitudinal study.The Journal of frailty & aging · 2025Article
- Puerarin Attenuates Osteoarthritis via Multi-Target Regulation of Inflammation, Apoptosis, and ECM Degradation.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Red blood cell distribution width to albumin ratio is associated with osteoarthritis prevalence among US adults with diabetes using data from NHANES 2005 to 2018.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gender differences in pre-surgical hip arthroplasty patients.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Total Knee Arthroplasty on Pain Reduction and Functional Improvement in Elderly Patients: A Quasi-Experimental Study.Advanced biomedical research · 2025Article
- The inflammatory potential of diet in adults with knee osteoarthritis: sex-specific associations with quality of life, sleep, fatigue and mental health.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Mechanics- and Behavior-Related Temporomandibular Joint Differences.Journal of dental research · 2024Observational
- A missed opportunity: A scoping review of the effect of sex and age on osteoarthritis using large animal models.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2024Article
- Article
- Transforming growth factor beta signaling and craniofacial development: modeling human diseases in zebrafish.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative diseases of articular cartilage. During OA, all the elements that contribute to the joint undergo physiological and structural changes that impair the joint function and cause joint pain and stiffness. OA can arise naturally, with the aging population witnessing an increase in diagnoses of this pathology, but the root causes of OA have yet to be identified, and increasing interest is arising towards investigating biological sex as a risk factor. Clinical studies show increased prevalence and worse clinical outcomes for female patients, yet most clinical and preclinical studies have disproportionately focused on male subjects. This review provides a critical overview of preclinical practices in the context of OA, highlighting the underlying need for taking biological sex as both a risk factor and an important component affecting treatment outcome. A unique insight into the possible reasons for female underrepresentation in preclinical studies is offered, including factors such as lack of specific guidelines requiring the analysis of sex as a biological variable (SABV), research-associated costs and animal handling, and wrongful application of the reduction principle. Additionally, a thorough investigation of sex-related variables is provided, stressing how each of them could add valuable information for the understanding of OA pathophysiology, as well as sex-dependent treatment strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.