ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
RETRACTED: Vitamin E Analog Trolox Attenuates MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Mice, Mitigating Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Motor Impairment.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative stress and inflammation in neurodegenerative disorders.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- RETRACTED: Atiq et al. Vitamin E Analog Trolox Attenuates MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Mice, Mitigating Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Motor Impairment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective Effect of Isorhapontigenin (ISO) Against LPS-Induced Neurodegenerative Condition via TLR4/RAGE-Mediated p-NF-kB Activation.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Astrocytes orchestrate neuroprotection and pathogenesis via bidirectional neuronal interactions in Parkinson's disease.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective Effects of 3,6-Dihydroxyflavone in LPS-Stimulated BV-2 Microglial Cells and an MPTP-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Article
- Ferrostatin-1 and hinokitiol supplementation enhance human hematopoietic stem cell expansion in a chemically defined medium.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- A Potential Functional Food-Based Neuroprotective Strategy Using Mulberry Leaf Extract and Trolox Against HFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Osmotin-derived 9-amino-acid peptide alleviates α-synuclein and MPTP-induced glial cell activation mediated neuroinflammation, protecting dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease mice brain.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Article
- Sodium thiosulfate attenuates liver injury in a rat model of sepsis by modulating ferroptosis and oxidative stress.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of high-density lipoprotein in regulating blood-brain barrier function: insights and implications.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- Trolox, r-irisin and resveratrol cocktail to counteract osteoblast metabolism alterations in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2025Article
- Intracellular Dual Behavior of Trolox in HeLa Cells and 3T3 Fibroblasts Under Basal and HMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Gentiopicroside alleviates neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease by mediating microglial pyroptosis via the NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway.Histology and histopathology · 2025Article
- From nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to neuroinflammation: the role of chronic systemic inflammation.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- GDF15 attenuates Parkinson's disease progression via suppressing the activation of cGAS-STING pathway.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction is a Crucial Immune Checkpoint for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration: mtDAMPs in Focus.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Vitamin E Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Stress-Induced Gastritis via Modulating Nrf2 and NF-κB Signalling Pathways.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Volatile oil ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Optimization of Parkinson's disease therapy with plant extracts and nutrition's evolving roles.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Saponin components inFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Retracted
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Trolox is a potent antioxidant and a water-soluble analog of vitamin E. It has been used in scientific studies to examine oxidative stress and its impact on biological systems. Trolox has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect against ischemia and IL-1β-mediated neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated the potential protective mechanisms of Trolox against a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease mouse model. Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and ROS/LPO assays were performed to investigate the role of trolox against neuroinflammation, the oxidative stress mediated by MPTP in the Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model (wild-type mice (C57BL/6N), eight weeks old, average body weight 25-30 g). Our study showed that MPTP increased the expression of α-synuclein, decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) levels in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and impaired motor function. However, Trolox treatment significantly reversed these PD-like pathologies. Furthermore, Trolox treatment reduced oxidative stress by increasing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Lastly, Trolox treatment inhibited the activated astrocytes (GFAP) and microglia (Iba-1), also reducing phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB, (p-NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the PD mouse brain. Overall, our study demonstrated that Trolox may exert neuroprotection on dopaminergic neurons against MPTP-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, motor dysfunction, and neurodegeneration.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.