ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2023
Toxicity of Metal Ions Released from a Fixed Orthodontic Appliance to Gastrointestinal Tract Cell Lines.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biological Consequences and Assessment Methods Analysis of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances on Oral Epithelial Cells: A Systematic Review.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2025Pooled it
- Proteomic Research of the Stress Response ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Nickel Bioaccumulation in Oral Biofilm, Gingival Tissue, and Saliva During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A 12-Month Prospective Cohort Study on Predictors and Salivary pH Correlation.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2025Article
- Nickel Ion Release in Nickel-Containing Orthodontics Archwires: A Narrative Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
- Analysis of corrosion, surface roughness, and ıon release of orthodontic brackets in simulated gastric acid and saliva.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of fixed functional appliances.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of orthodontic bands after aging: an in-vitro study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Unravelling molecular mechanism of oral squamous cell carcinoma and genetic landscape: an insight into disease complexity, available therapies, and future considerations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Electrophoretic Deposition of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Coatings on CoCrMo Alloy for Biomedical Applications.Micromachines · 2023Article
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases 2.0/3.0.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Effect of Artificial Saliva Modification on Pitting Corrosion and Mechanical Properties of the RemaniumMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Metal Release and Cytotoxicity of Different Orthodontic Bracket-Wire Combinations: AnJournal of International Society of Preventive & Community DentistryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mechanism of toxicity and cellular response to metal ions present in the environment is still a very current area of research. In this work, which is a continuation of the study of the toxicity of metal ions released by fixed orthodontic appliances, eluates of archwires, brackets, ligatures, and bands are used to test the prooxidant effect, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity on cell lines of the gastrointestinal tract. Eluates obtained after three immersion periods (3, 7, and 14 days) and with known amounts and types of metal ions were used. Four cell lines-CAL 27 (human tongue), Hep-G2 (liver), AGS (stomach) and CaCo-2 (colon)-were treated with each type of eluate at four concentrations (0.1×, 0.5×, 1.0×, and 2.0×) for 24 h. Most eluates had toxic effects on CAL 27 cells over the entire concentration range regardless of exposure time, while CaCo-2 proved to be the most resistant. In AGS and Hep-G2 cells, all samples tested induced free radical formation, with the highest concentration (2×) causing a decrease in free radicals formed compared to the lowest concentrations. Eluates containing Cr, Mn, and Al showed a slight pro-oxidant effect on DNA (on plasmid φX-174 RF I) and slight genotoxicity (comet assay), but these effects are not so great that the human body could not "resist" them. Statistical analysis of data on chemical composition, cytotoxicity, ROS, genotoxicity, and prooxidative DNA damage shows the influence of metal ions present in some eluates on the toxicity obtained. Fe and Ni are responsible for the production of ROS, while Mn and Cr have a great influence on hydroxyl radicals, which cause single-strand breaks in supercoiled plasmid DNA in addition to the production of ROS. On the other hand, Fe, Cr, Mn, and Al are responsible for the cytotoxic effect of the studied eluates. The obtained results confirm that this type of research is useful and brings us closer to more accurate in vivo conditions.
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Registered trials
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