ArticleCancers2023
Increased Risk of Malignancy with Immunosuppression: A Population-Based Analysis of Texas Medicare Beneficiaries.
Article in Cancers, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Immunosuppression Type on 30-Day Postoperative Outcomes Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Retrospective National Cohort Study of 66,162 Patients.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Research trends and visualization analysis of autoimmune disease-related liver cancer from 2004 to 2024: a bibliometric study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs (IMD) are widely utilized to treat many autoimmune conditions and to prevent rejection in organ transplantation. Cancer has been associated with prolonged use of IMD in transplant patients. However, no detailed, systematic analysis of the risk of cancer has been performed in patients receiving IMD for any condition and duration. We analyzed Medicare data from Texas Medicare beneficiaries, regardless of their age, between 2007 and 2018, from the Texas Cancer Registry. We analyzed the data for the risk of cancer after IMD use associated with demographic characteristics, clinical conditions, and subsequent cancer type. Of 29,196 patients who used IMD for a variety of indications, 5684 developed cancer. The risk of cancer (standardized incidence ratio) was particularly high for liver (9.10), skin (7.95), lymphoma (4.89), and kidney (4.39). Patients receiving IMD had a four fold greater likelihood of developing cancer than the general population. This risk was higher within the first 3 years of IMD utilization and in patients younger than 65 years and minorities. This study shows that patients receiving IMD for any indications have a significantly increased risk of cancer, even with short-term use. Caution is needed for IMD use; in addition, an aggressive neoplastic diagnostic screening is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.