ArticleTropical medicine and infectious disease2023
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in People Living with HIV: A Retrospective Case-Control Study in Brazil.
Article in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Half a century of pneumococcal vaccination in sickle cell disease: Are we winning the battle or losing immunity?Vaccine · 2026Review
- Distinct Defects in Marginal Zone B Cells and Filtration Function Characterize Hyposplenism in Persons With HIV-1 on Prolonged ART.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Review
- Pneumococcal infective endocarditis in Brazil: a multicenter study on a severe condition.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesArticle
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
HIV-infected patients are at particular risk for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We describe cases of IPD in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and find associated risk factors for infection and death.
methodsA retrospective case-control study, nested in a cohort, including PLWHA with and without IPD, conducted in Brazil, 2005-2020. Controls were of the same gender/age and seen at the same time/place as cases.
resultsWe identified 55 episodes of IPD (cases) in 45 patients and 108 controls. The incidence of IPD was 964/100,000 person-years. A total of 42 of 55 (76.4%) IPD episodes presented with pneumonia and 11 (20%) with bacteremia without a focus and 38/45 (84.4%) were hospitalized. Blood cultures were positive in 54/55 (98.2%). Liver cirrhosis and COPD were the only factors associated with IPD in PLWHA in univariate analysis, although no associated factors were found in multivariate analysis. Penicillin resistance was found in 4/45 (8.9%). Regarding antiretroviral therapy (ART), 40/45 (88.9%) cases vs. 80/102 controls (74.1%) were in use (
conclusionsThe incidence of IPD in PLWHA remained high despite ART. The vaccination rate was low. Liver cirrhosis was associated with IPD and death.
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