ReviewToxins2023
Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Systems' Cross-Interactions-Implications for Practical Use in Medicine and Biotechnology.
Review in Toxins, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetically Modified Microorganisms: Risks and Regulatory Considerations for Human and Environmental Health.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Bacterial defense systems: Mechanisms, homology to eukaryotic immune systems, and applications.Zoological research · 2026Review
- The toxin from the PemIK-Sa1 toxin-antitoxin system decreasesFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparative in silico analysis of vapBC3 toxin-antitoxin system in Mycobacterium Bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Bacterial programmed cell death and toxin-antitoxin system in bacteria.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Broken beyond repair: TA system ParE toxins mediate effective gyrase inhibition without driving resistance.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Analysis of co-occurrence of type II toxin-antitoxin systems and antibiotic resistance determinants inmSystems · 2025Article
- Understanding the physiological role and cross-interaction network of VapBC35 toxin-antitoxin system from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Impact of nafcillin and diosmin on the attachment, invasion, and stress survival of Salmonella Typhimurium.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prokaryotic homeostasis - a solution to thrive and survive.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Advancements, Challenges, and Future Prospects of Nanotechnology in Sepsis Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Toxin-Antitoxin Systems Reflect Community Interactions Through Horizontal Gene Transfer.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Use of Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Systems as Biotechnological Tools in Plants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Toxin of VapBC-1 Toxin-Antitoxin Module fromMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- PCR Development for Analysis of Some Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems, relJK, mazEF3, and vapBC3 Genes, in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis.Current microbiology · 2024Article
- Distribution of lineages and type II toxin-antitoxin systems among rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates.PloS one · 2024Article
- Toxin-antitoxin genes are differentially expressed inFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Type II bacterial toxin-antitoxins: hypotheses, facts, and the newfound plethora of the PezAT system.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widely present in bacterial genomes. They consist of stable toxins and unstable antitoxins that are classified into distinct groups based on their structure and biological activity. TA systems are mostly related to mobile genetic elements and can be easily acquired through horizontal gene transfer. The ubiquity of different homologous and non-homologous TA systems within a single bacterial genome raises questions about their potential cross-interactions. Unspecific cross-talk between toxins and antitoxins of non-cognate modules may unbalance the ratio of the interacting partners and cause an increase in the free toxin level, which can be deleterious to the cell. Moreover, TA systems can be involved in broadly understood molecular networks as transcriptional regulators of other genes' expression or modulators of cellular mRNA stability. In nature, multiple copies of highly similar or identical TA systems are rather infrequent and probably represent a transition stage during evolution to complete insulation or decay of one of them. Nevertheless, several types of cross-interactions have been described in the literature to date. This implies a question of the possibility and consequences of the TA system cross-interactions, especially in the context of the practical application of the TA-based biotechnological and medical strategies, in which such TAs will be used outside their natural context, will be artificially introduced and induced in the new hosts. Thus, in this review, we discuss the prospective challenges of system cross-talks in the safety and effectiveness of TA system usage.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.