ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2024
ADHD-related sex differences in emotional symptoms across development.
Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of physical exercise on anxiety depression and emotion regulation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Trends in the incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and early risk factors.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Adult ADHD: A Multidimensional Multi-Informant Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- A Four-Dimensional Model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Toward Improved Recognition of Female ADHD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The shared and disorder-specific resting-state functional connectivity networks associated with emotion regulation between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Emotional Dysregulation and Temperament in Adolescents with Acute Psychiatric Conditions: Gender Differences and the Role of Psychiatric Diagnosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Interpersonal needs in relation to depression and suicidal ideation in early adolescents: the moderating roles of ADHD and sex.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Factors associated with stimulant persistence among children with ADHD: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic link between ADHD and depression symptoms: evidence from a network analysis of youth in the ABCD study.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
- Sex and age differences in depression and anxiety networks among adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: A network analysis.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Development and Content Validation of a Clinical Screening Scale to Identify Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Cases Based on the Gender Perspective: An e-Delphi Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Early childhood exposures to phthalates in association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder behaviors in middle childhood and adolescence in the ReCHARGE study.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
To investigate developmental changes in emotion dysregulation (ED) and associated symptoms of emotional lability, irritability, anxiety, and depression, among girls and boys with and without ADHD from childhood through adolescence. Data were collected from a sample of 8-18-year-old children with (n = 264; 76 girls) and without (n = 153; 56 girls) ADHD, with multiple time-points from a subsample of participants (n = 121). Parents and youth completed rating scales assessing child ED, emotional lability, irritability, anxiety, and depression. Mixed effects models were employed to examine effects and interactions of diagnosis, sex [biological sex assigned at birth], age among boys and girls with and without ADHD. Mixed effects analyses showed sexually dimorphic developmental patterns between boys and girls, such that boys with ADHD showed a greater reduction in ED, irritability, and anxiety with age compared to girls with ADHD, whose symptom levels remained elevated relative to TD girls. Depressive symptoms were persistently elevated among girls with ADHD compared to boys with ADHD, whose symptoms decreased with age, relative to same-sex TD peers. While both boys and girls with ADHD showed higher levels of ED during childhood (compared to their sex-matched TD peers), mixed effects analyses revealed substantial sexually dimorphic patterns of emotional symptom change during adolescence: Boys with ADHD showed robust improvements in emotional symptoms from childhood to adolescence while girls with ADHD continued to show high and/or increased levels of ED, emotional lability, irritability, anxiety and depression.
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