ArticleThe Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science2022
Demographic and Geographic Variation in Fatal Drug Overdoses in the United States, 1999-2020.
Article in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fentanyl purity and overdose decline: A reexamination of geographic trends.Science advances · 2026Article
- Health Harms Associated With Forced Displacements Among People Who Use Drugs in San Francisco, California.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Article
- Fentanyl Purity and Overdose Decline: A Reexamination of Geographic Trends.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Geographic Variations of Intensive Care Unit Admissions with Substance-Related Diagnoses in the United States.Journal of intensive care medicine · 2026Observational
- Spatial Patterns of Opioid Overdose Mortality Risk Across Urban, Transitional, and Rural Communities Using Satellite-Derived and Socioeconomic Indicators.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Higher drug overdose mortality among non-hispanic black adults aged 55 and older in the U.S.: Analysis of national death records from CDC's WONDER database (1999-2023).Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- A comparison of opioid overdose risk behaviors by race and ethnicity among overdose survivors in Boston, MA, and San Francisco, CA.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- The geography of risk: understanding disparities in nonmedical opioid mortality and the role of socio-built environments in New Jersey.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- A Comparison of Opioid Overdose Risk Behaviors by Race and Ethnicity Among Overdose Survivors in Boston, MA, and San Francisco, CA.Research square · 2026Article
- Extreme vulnerability to overdose mortality: Intersections of detailed race/ethnicity, educational attainment, age, sex, and nativity.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Implementation of harm reduction strategies in criminal-legal systems: a scoping review of the literature.Health & justice · 2025Review
- Article
- Stability and Volatility in the Contextual Predictors of Working-Age Mortality in the United States.Journal of health and social behavior · 2025Article
- Shifting Cohort Patterns in the Use of Drugs with Elevated Overdose Risk in the United States.Social problems · 2025Article
- Pre-COVID-19 Geographic Inequalities in Non-Hispanic Black US Life Expectancy, 1990 to 2019.Population and development review · 2025Article
- Spatial analysis of county-level determinants of overdose mortality in the United States using spatial machine learning.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal analysis of substance use disorder mortality in the United States: an observational study of emerging hotspots and vulnerable populations (2005-2020).Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Characterization of xylazine-related overdose deaths in Maryland (2020-2023).Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Cultural Competence Training Best Practices for Employment Support Professionals Serving People with Disabilities from Racial/Ethnic Minority Backgrounds with Co-occurring Opioid or Substance Use Disorders: A Scoping Review.Journal of rehabilitation · 2025Article
- The Role of Despair in Predicting Self-Destructive Behaviors.Population research and policy review · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The U.S. drug overdose crisis has been described as a national disaster that has affected all communities. But overdose rates are higher among some subpopulations and in some places than they are in others. This article describes demographic (sex, racial/ethnic, age) and geographic variation in fatal drug overdose rates in the United States from 1999 to 2020. Across most of that timespan, rates were highest among young and middle-age (25-54 years) White and American Indian males and middle-age and older (45+ years) Black males. Rates have been consistently high in Appalachia, but the crisis has spread to several other regions in recent years, and rates are high across the urban-rural continuum. Opioids have been the main contributor, but overdoses involving cocaine and psychostimulants have also increased dramatically in recent years, demonstrating that our problem is bigger than opioids. Evidence suggests that supply-side interventions are unlikely to be effective in reducing overdoses. I argue that the U.S. should invest in policies that address the upstream structural drivers of the crisis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.