ArticleAmerican heart journal2023
Association between racial residential segregation and Black-White disparities in cardiovascular disease mortality.
Article in American heart journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Dementia and cognitive decline in Black Brazilians: a narrative review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- A social determinants-based county-level cardiovascular mortality index to identify high-risk counties in the USA.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- The association between social drivers of health, HIV status and physical activity with perceived stress in U.S. women with or without HIV.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Neighborhood characteristics and incident myocardial infarction in US older adults: evaluation in 2 nationwide cohorts.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- The role of environmental access to exercise opportunities in cardiovascular mortality: evidence from a nationwide study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- The Dynamic Relationship between Social Cohesion and Urban Green Space in Diverse Communities: Opportunities and Challenges to Public Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRacial residential segregation is associated with racial health inequities, but it is unclear if segregation may exacerbate Black-White disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. This study aimed to assess associations between Black-White residential segregation, CVD mortality rates among non-Hispanic (NH) Black and NH White populations, and Black-White disparities in CVD mortality.
methodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed Black-White residential segregation, as measured by county-level interaction index, of US counties, county-level CVD mortality among NH White and NH black adults aged 25 years and older, and county-level Black-White disparities in CVD mortality in years 2014 to 2017. Age-adjusted, county-level NH Black CVD mortality rates and NH White cardiovascular disease mortality rates, as well as group-level relative risk ratios for Black-White cardiovascular disease mortality, were calculated. Sequential generalized linear models adjusted for county-level socioeconomic and neighborhood factors were used to estimate associations between residential segregation and cardiovascular mortality rates among NH Black and NH White populations. Relative risk ratio tests were used to compare Black-White disparities in the most segregated counties to disparities in the least segregated counties.
resultsWe included 1,286 counties with ≥5% Black populations in the main analysis. Among adults aged ≥25 years, there were 2,611,560 and 408,429 CVD deaths among NH White and NH Black individuals, respectively. In the unadjusted model, counties in the highest tertile of segregation had 9% higher (95% CI, 1%-20% higher, P = .04) rates of NH Black CVD mortality than counties in the lowest tertile of segregation. In the multivariable adjusted model, the most segregated counties had 15% higher (95% CI, 0.5% to 38% higher, P = .04) rates of NH Black CVD mortality than the least segregated counties. In the most segregated counties, NH Black individuals were 33% more likely to die of CVD than NH White individuals (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.33, P < .001).
conclusionsCounties with increased Black-White residential segregation have higher rates of NH Black CVD mortality and larger Black-White disparities in CVD mortality. Identifying the causal mechanisms through which racial residential segregation widens disparities in CVD mortality requires further study.
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