ArticlePloS one2023
Invasive pneumococcal disease among the elderly in the later era of paediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccination-A longitudinal study over 10 years based on public surveillance data in the Nordics.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serotype distribution of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease in adults ≥65 years of age following the introduction of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infant national immunization programs: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- A Phase 3 Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of V116 in Pneumococcal Vaccine-Experienced Adults 50 Years of Age or Older (STRIDE-6).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Article
- Review
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Epidemiology and Conjugate Vaccines in Canada, 2000-2019.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Estimating the Health and Economic Burden of Pneumococcal Diseases Attributable to PCV21 Versus PCV20 or PPSV23 Serotypes Among Adults in Norway.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Two decades of bacteraemia in Norway: an ecological study of incidence and shifts in microbial epidemiology, 2005-2024.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Global distribution and characteristics of pneumococcal serotypes in adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Serotype epidemiology and case-fatality risk of invasive pneumococcal disease: a nationwide population study from Switzerland, 2012-2022.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Trends of serotypes and resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae in the UK and Ireland (1999-2019).The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- An economic evaluation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, PCV20 versus PCV15, for the prevention of pneumococcal disease in the Swedish pediatric population.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Mortality reduction with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2024Review
- A genome-based survey of invasive pneumococci in Norway over four decades reveals lineage-specific responses to vaccination.Genome medicine · 2024Article
- Vaccinating Welders against Pneumococcus: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have proven effective in preventing both non-invasive and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in small children and in older age groups. However, long-term observations and country comparisons of IPD incidence in the elderly following introduction of PCVs in paediatric national immunisation programmes (NIPs) are scarce. We aimed to estimate and compare incidence of IPD in the elderly in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden over a 10-year time span. During the study period Denmark and Norway used PCV13 in their paediatric NIP, Sweden both PCV10 and PCV13 and Finland used PCV10. Uptake of pneumococcal vaccines for the elderly was low.
methodWe collected longitudinal data on confirmed IPD cases and their serotypes among elderly people (aged ≥65 years) 2010-2019 in the four countries of interest. Annual IPD incidence rates were calculated per country, by vaccine-associated serotypes (PCV10, PCV13, PCV15, PCV20 and PPV23) and for non-vaccine serotypes. A regression model was used to estimate average annual change in incidence in each country.
resultsIncidence rates of IPD in the elderly in 2019 ranged from 31.4 to 41.8 per 100,000 people across the countries. Denmark and Norway showed an annual average decline in IPD incidence (-3.3; 95% CI: -5.6 to -1.1; p<0.01) and (-3.3; 95% CI: -5.5 to -1.0; p<0.01) respectively from 2010 to 2019, whereas no change was seen for Sweden (-0.5; 95% CI: -1.9 to 0.8; p = 0.39) or Finland (0.9; 95% CI: -1.0 to 2.7; p = 0.32). IPD incidence due to emerging serotypes, e.g., serotypes 8 and 12F, has increased. Serotype 19A remained a major cause of IPD in countries with PCV10 in paediatric NIPs.
conclusionDespite paediatric PCV programmes, a considerable vaccine preventable IPD burden remains in the elderly. Further, choice of PCV in paediatric programs was associated with differences in serotype distribution and incidence amongst the elderly. Direct vaccination of the elderly with recently approved broad coverage PCVs holds promise for meaningful impact on disease burden with PCV20 covering a majority of IPD amongst the elderly in the four studied countries. Effectiveness of new vaccines in real-life clinical practice should be followed.
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