ReviewEnvironmental science & technology2023
Critical Review on Bromate Formation during Ozonation and Control Options for Its Minimization.
Review in Environmental science & technology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends on Strategies for Mitigation of Antibiotic Residues in Milk and Dairy Products Based on Scientometric Analysis and Systematic Review.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative Reduction of Pharmaceutical Hazards in Wastewater among Pilot-Scale Quaternary Treatment Technologies across Seasons.ACS environmental Au · 2026Article
- Ozonation Eliminates Viable but Not CulturablePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Advances in Physicochemical and Biological Treatment of Textile Wastewater: An Applied Review of Methods, Technologies, and Costs.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2026Review
- Nitrite Oxidation during Ozonation Revisited: Mechanisms of Nitration Reactions.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Facile electrochemical fabrication of GO@ZnO@MnORSC advances · 2026Article
- Hybrid photocatalytic-ozonation for wastewater remediation: mechanisms and synergistic effects.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Improving ozone-based processes for the degradation of paraquat and diquat as persistent pesticides.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
- Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for drinking water treatment: a state-of-the-art review on applications, efficacy, and implementation challenges.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Seasonal bromate formation in the Arctic snowpack: Implications for the bromine biogeochemical cycle.Science advances · 2026Article
- Waterborne pathogen mitigation: Decoding techno-ecological synergies in multiscale transmission networks.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Silver tungstate/magnesium oxide nanocomposite as a high-performance adsorbent for bromide removal from aqueous systems.Journal of water and health · 2026Article
- Bromate Formation and Control During Ozonation in Advanced Wastewater Purification for Potable Reuse.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2026Article
- Hybrid modelling framework for ozonation and biological activated carbon in tertiary wastewater treatment.Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ozone is a commonly applied disinfectant and oxidant in drinking water and has more recently been implemented for enhanced municipal wastewater treatment for potable reuse and ecosystem protection. One drawback is the potential formation of bromate, a possible human carcinogen with a strict drinking water standard of 10 μg/L. The formation of bromate from bromide during ozonation is complex and involves reactions with both ozone and secondary oxidants formed from ozone decomposition, i.e., hydroxyl radical. The underlying mechanism has been elucidated over the past several decades, and the extent of many parallel reactions occurring with either ozone or hydroxyl radicals depends strongly on the concentration, type of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and carbonate. On the basis of mechanistic considerations, several approaches minimizing bromate formation during ozonation can be applied. Removal of bromate after ozonation is less feasible. We recommend that bromate control strategies be prioritized in the following order: (1) control bromide discharge at the source and ensure optimal ozone mass-transfer design to minimize bromate formation, (2) minimize bromate formation during ozonation by chemical control strategies, such as ammonium with or without chlorine addition or hydrogen peroxide addition, which interfere with specific bromate formation steps and/or mask bromide, (3) implement a pretreatment strategy to reduce bromide and/or DOM prior to ozonation, and (4) assess the suitability of ozonation altogether or utilize a downstream treatment process that may already be in place, such as reverse osmosis, for post-ozone bromate abatement. A one-size-fits-all approach to bromate control does not exist, and treatment objectives, such as disinfection and micropollutant abatement, must also be considered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.