ArticleOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2023
Assessing West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) exposure in bird ringers in the Netherlands: a high-risk group for WNV and USUV infection?
Article in One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modelling the risk of West Nile virus infection in seven European countries from published serological and case notification data, 2008 to 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Human West Nile virus infection: a meta-analysis of recent global data (2019-24).Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- West Nile Virus Infection in Occupational Settings-A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Shared viral burdens: Molecular evidence of Usutu virus infection and multi-arbovirus exposure in migrant and resident birds at wintering locations in Nigeria.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- A multidisciplinary approach to the detection of and response to West Nile virus in the Netherlands between 2020 and 2023: best practices, challenges and opportunities.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- One Health approach uncovers emergence and dynamics of Usutu and West Nile viruses in the Netherlands.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Vertical transmission in field-caught mosquitoes identifies a mechanism for the establishment of Usutu virus in a temperate country.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Local Circulation of Sindbis Virus in Wild Birds and Horses, the Netherlands, 2021-2022.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Screening Wild Birds for Tick-Borne Zoonotic Pathogens in Portugal.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sentinel chicken surveillance reveals previously undetected circulation of West Nile virus in the Netherlands.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Distinct groups of autoantigens as drivers of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma pathogenesis.Life science alliance · 2024Article
- A species-independent lateral flow microarray immunoassay to detect WNV and USUV NS1-specific antibodies in serum.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- A One Health approach to predict, monitor and prevent arbovirus infections, an extensive case study from the Netherlands - Editorial.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: In 2020, the first Dutch West Nile virus (WNV) infected birds were detected through risk-targeted surveillance of songbirds. Retrospective testing of patients with unexplained neurological disease revealed human WNV infections in July and August 2020. Bird ringers are highly exposed to mosquito bites and possibly avian excrements during ringing activities. This study therefore investigates whether bird ringers are at higher risk of exposure to WNV and Usutu virus (USUV). Methods: Dutch bird ringers were asked to provide a single serum sample (May - September 2021) and to fill out a survey. Sera were screened by protein microarray for presence of specific IgG against WNV and USUV non-structural protein 1 (NS1), followed by focus reduction virus neutralization tests (FRNT). Healthcare workers (2009-2010), the national immunity cohort (2016-2017) and blood donors (2021) were used as control groups without this occupational exposure. Results: The majority of the 157 participating bird ringers was male (132/157, 84%) and the median age was 62 years. Thirty-seven participants (37/157, 23.6%) showed WNV and USUV IgG microarray signals above background, compared to 6.4% (6/94) in the community cohort and 2.1% (2/96) in blood donors ( Discussion: The higher frequency of WNV and/or USUV IgG reactive bird ringers indicates increased flavivirus exposure compared to the general population, suggesting that individuals with high-exposure professions may be considered to complement existing surveillance systems. However, the complexity of serological interpretation in relation to location-specific exposure (including travel), and antibody cross-reactivity, remain a challenge when performing surveillance of emerging flaviviruses in low-prevalence settings.
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