Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37363208›Full record

ArticleOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2023

Emergency response using oral rabies vaccination of dogs -field data from Namibia demonstrate high efficiency.

Conrad M Freuling, Frank Busch, Mainelo Beatrice Shikongo, Nzwana Silume, Jolandie van der Westhuizen, Siegfried Khaiseb, Albertina Shilongo, Thomas Müller

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Feasibility of Oral Rabies Vaccination of Dogs in Mexico.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Optimising rabies vaccination of dogs in India.Epidemiology and infection · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Conrad M FreulingInstitute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Frank BuschInstitute of International Animal Health/One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Mainelo Beatrice ShikongoAnimal Disease Control, Zambezi Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Water & Land Reform, Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Veterinary Office, Katima Mulilo, Namibia.
Nzwana SilumeAnimal Disease Control, Zambezi Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Water & Land Reform, Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Veterinary Office, Katima Mulilo, Namibia.
Jolandie van der WesthuizenCentral Veterinary Laboratory, Directorate of Veterinary Services (DVS), Ministry of Agriculture Water and Land Reform, Windhoek, Namibia.
Siegfried KhaisebCentral Veterinary Laboratory, Directorate of Veterinary Services (DVS), Ministry of Agriculture Water and Land Reform, Windhoek, Namibia.
Albertina ShilongoDirectorate of Veterinary Services (DVS), Ministry of Agriculture Water and Land Reform, Windhoek, Namibia.
Thomas MüllerInstitute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, OIE Reference Laboratory for Rabies, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dog-mediated rabies is responsible for tens of thousands of human deaths annually, and in resource-constrained settings, vaccinating dogs to control the disease at source remains challenging for various reasons. Currently, rabies elimination efforts rely on mass dog vaccination by the parenteral route. While oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of dogs is primarily considered a tool to increase herd immunity, particularly by targeting free-roaming and stray dogs, here, we are showcasing an ORV-only approach as an emergency response model. Using a third-generation vaccine and a standardized egg-flavored bait, we assessed the effectiveness and vaccination under field conditions in the Zambezi region of Namibia. During this trial, with four teams and within four working days, 3097 dogs were offered a bait, of which 88,0% were considered vaccinated. Teams managed to vaccinate, on average, over 20 dogs/h, despite using a door-to-door vaccination approach. The favorable results both in terms of bait acceptance and successful vaccination as well as field applicability and effectiveness further support the great potential of ORV in dog rabies control programmes.

Indexed as

AfricaDogsNamibiaOral vaccinationRabiesSPBN GASGAS

Identifiers

PMID37363208
PMCPMC10288086
OpenAlexW4376127244

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.