ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2023
Investigating the Genetic Diversity of H5 Avian Influenza Viruses in the United Kingdom from 2020-2022.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diverse genomic landscape of swine influenza A virus in England (2014-2021).Microbial genomics · 2026Article
- Polymerase mutations underlie early adaptation of H5N1 influenza virus to dairy cattle and other mammals.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A modelling assessment of the impact of control measures on highly pathogenic avian influenza transmission in poultry in Great Britain.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Detection of Two High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) Subtypes, H5N1 and H5N5, in a Mass Mortality Event in Wild Seabirds and Co-Location With Dead Seals.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- The haemagglutinin gene of bovine-origin H5N1 influenza viruses currently retains receptor-binding and pH-fusion characteristics of avian host phenotype.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Detection of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in a sheep in Great Britain, 2025.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b: Evolution, Global Spread, and Host Range Expansion.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Investigating factors driving shifts in subtype dominance within H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Pigeons exhibit low susceptibility and poor transmission capacity for H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b high pathogenicity avian influenza virus.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- Genetic diversity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 and H5N8 viruses in poultry markets in Guangdong, China, 2020-2022.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Pasteurisation temperatures effectively inactivate influenza A viruses in milk.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Wild passerines as potential carriers and sources of avian influenza viruses in Ukraine.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Phylogenetic analysis of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 detected in the British Isles between 1983 and 2023.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- The global H5N1 influenza panzootic in mammals.Nature · 2025Review
- Investigation of human infection with H5N6 avian influenza cases in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2024: a retrospective study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Preventive, safety and control measures against Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in occupationally exposed groups: A scoping review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Rapid mortality in captive bush dogs (Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- A multi-species, multi-pathogen avian viral disease outbreak event: Investigating potential for virus transmission at the wild bird - poultry interface.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N1 and H5N5 in white-tailed eagles, 2021-2023.The Journal of general virology · 2024Article
- Detection and spread of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5N1 in the Antarctic Region.Nature communications · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since 2020, the United Kingdom and Europe have experienced annual epizootics of high-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV). The first epizootic, during the autumn/winter of 2020-2021, involved six H5Nx subtypes, although H5N8 HPAIV dominated in the United Kingdom. While genetic assessments of the H5N8 HPAIVs within the United Kingdom demonstrated relative homogeneity, there was a background of other genotypes circulating at a lower degree with different neuraminidase and internal genes. Following a small number of detections of H5N1 in wild birds over the summer of 2021, the autumn/winter of 2021-2022 saw another European H5 HPAIV epizootic that dwarfed the prior epizootic. This second epizootic was dominated almost exclusively by H5N1 HPAIV, although six distinct genotypes were defined. We have used genetic analysis to evaluate the emergence of different genotypes and proposed reassortment events that have been observed. The existing data suggest that the H5N1 viruses circulating in Europe during late 2020 continued to circulate in wild birds throughout 2021, with minimal adaptation, but then went on to reassort with AIVs in the wild bird population. We have undertaken an in-depth genetic assessment of H5 HPAIVs detected in the United Kingdom over two winter seasons and demonstrate the utility of in-depth genetic analyses in defining the diversity of H5 HPAIVs circulating in avian species, the potential for zoonotic risk, and whether incidents of lateral spread can be defined over independent incursions of infections from wild birds. This provides key supporting data for mitigation activities.
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