ArticleScientific reports2023
Tobacco consumption patterns among Iranian adults: a national and sub-national update from the STEPS survey 2021.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of tobacco use among cancer patients in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Clustering patterns of behavioral and metabolic risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in Iran: findings from a national STEPS survey.Global health action · 2026Article
- Agreement and classification performance of the heaviness of smoking index (HSI) compared with the Fagerström test for cigarette dependence (FTCD): A subgroup analysis.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Gastric Cancer Incidence in Iran: Trends and Projections to 2030 based on Global Burden of Disease 2021 Estimates.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Article
- Association of Selected Anthropometric Indices With Diabetic Kidney Disease Among Iranian Adults With Diabetes.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- National program for cardiovascular disease and hypertension in primary healthcare: WHO-PEN program initial scale-up in Iran (IraPEN).BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Association between healthy lifestyle score and risk of multiple myeloma: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cigarette smoking and risk of undifferentiated peripheral inflammatory arthritis: a propensity score matching analysis.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of smoking hookah and cigarettes on hematological and biochemical profiles in the Iranian population.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Association of cardiovascular risk factors with diabetic kidney disease severity in the Iranian population.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Smoking cessation counseling in primary care settings: Cross-sectional views from patients and dentists as key stakeholders.PloS one · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with comorbidities in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes: A national study.PloS one · 2026Article
- The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure and its association with chronic diseases and metabolic abnormalities: findings from the STEPS survey 2021.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Trend analysis of cancer mortality and years of life lost in the South of Iran 2004-2019. Joinpoint regression analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of asthma and COPD among adults in Iran based on the 2021 STEPS survey.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- From Menthol Cigarettes to Flavored Hookah: The Urgent Need for Stronger Policies.Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences · 2025Article
- Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus in older adults: findings from Iranian STEPS surveys (2016 and 2021).BMC public health · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess women's hookah smoking: insights from a multi-stage study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Exploring mental health in Iranian children: insights from a cohort dataset by using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire.Discover mental health · 2025Article
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20 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smoking is recognised as a critical public health priority due to its enormous health and economic consequences. Constant monitoring of the effectiveness of tobacco control programs calls for timely population-based data. This study reports the national and sub-national patterns in tobacco consumption among Iranian adults based on the results from the STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) survey 2021. This study was performed through an analysis of the results of the STEPS survey 2021 which had been conducted as a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Participants included Iranian adults aged ≥ 18 years in all provinces of Iran, who were selected via multistage cluster sampling method. Data were analyzed via survey analysis while considering population weights. The total number of participants was 27,874, including 15,395 (55.23%) women and 12,479 (44.77%) men. The all-ages prevalence of current tobacco smoking was 14.01% overall, 4.44% among women, and 25.88% among men. The all-ages prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 9.33% overall, 0.77% among women, and 19.95% among men. The all-ages prevalence of current hookah smoking was 4.5% overall, 3.64% among women, and 5.56% among men. The mean (SD) number of cigarettes smoked per day was 12.41 (10.27) overall, 7.65 (8.09) among women, and 12.64 (10.31) among men. The mean (SD) monthly times of hookah use was 0.42 (7.87) overall, 2.86 (23.46) among women, and 0.3 (6.2) among men. The national all-ages prevalence of second-hand smoking at home was 24.64% overall, 27.38% among women, and 20.26% among men. The national all-ages prevalence of second-hand smoking at work was 19.49% overall, 17.33% among women, and 22.94% among men. The tobacco consumption in Iran remains alarmingly high, indicating the current tobacco control policy implementation level is ineffective and insufficient. This calls for adopting, implementing, and enforcing comprehensive packages of evidence-based tobacco control policies.
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