ReviewTumour virus research2023
The human Papillomavirus twilight zone - Latency, immune control and subclinical infection.
Review in Tumour virus research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lasers in medical science · 2026Pooled it
- Rapid Systematic Review-Informed Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on the Management of HPV-Positive Women with Low-Grade Cervical Lesions and the Role of aMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of oral HPV in healthy and lesion-bearing populations in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Molecular insights and therapeutic innovations in low-risk human papillomavirus-associated cutaneous wart.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Within host dynamics of HPV infection with cellular immunity and HPV-infected dormant cells reactivation.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Exploration of immune correlates of viral clearance after PVX2 immunotherapy in patients with human papillomavirus type 16 infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade ≤1.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Long-term intraanal HPV16 infection in men having sex with men with HIV: Persistence or reinfection?Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2026Article
- Longitudinal analysis of high-risk HPV infections reveals within-host viral genome changes over time.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- HPV16 genetic variation provides evidence of positive natural selection driven by HLA class I.Nature communications · 2026Article
- HPV Infection and Oxidative Stress in Cervical Carcinogenesis: Linking Apoptosis, Senescence, SASP, and EMT.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Intratumoral spatiotemporal heterogeneity of HPV DNA status in HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with clinical record.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Recurrent Cervical HPV16 DNA Detection in Unvaccinated Women According to Presumed HPV16 Exposure Based on IgG and IgM Seroreactivity.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Remodeling of Metabolic and Secretory Organelles During Oncogenic and Oncomodulatory Viral Infections.Viruses · 2026Review
- Microbiome-Metabolome Crosstalk in HPV Pathogenesis: From Ecosystem Dynamics to Translational Biomarkers.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Longitudinal patterns of penile human papillomavirus detection among Ugandan men: A prospective sampling study.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Long-term risk and predictors of high-risk human papillomavirus persistence after thermal ablation amongst women living with HIV in West Africa.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Refractory Penile Condyloma Acuminatum in an Elderly Man Receiving Vedolizumab and Azathioprine.Cureus · 2025Article
- Mouse Papillomavirus Outbreak in a Research Facility.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Article
- Accelerating HPV-related cancer elimination - a meeting report.BMC proceedings · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
The incorporation of HPV DNA testing into cervical screening programs has shown that many HPV-positive women are cytologically normal, with HPV-positivity fluctuating throughout life. Such results suggest that papillomaviruses may persist in a latent state after disease clearance, with sporadic recurrence. It appears that virus latency represents a narrow slot in a wider spectrum of subclinical and possibly productive infections. Clinical studies, and animal model infection studies, suggested a key role for host immune surveillance in maintaining such asymptomatic infections, and although infections may also be cleared, most studies have used the term 'clearance' to describe a situation where the presence of HPV DNA falls below the clinical detection level. Given our knowledge of papillomavirus immune evasion strategies and the restricted pattern of viral gene expression required for 'basal cell' persistence, the term 'apparent clearance' and 'subclinical persistence' of infection may better summarise our understanding. Subclinical infection also encompasses the lag phase, which occurs between infection and lesion development. This is dependent on infection titre, with multifocal infections developing more rapidly to disease. These concepts can usefully influence patient management where HPV-positivity occurs sometime after the onset of sexual activity, and where vertical transmission is suspected despite a lag period.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.