ArticleScientific reports2023
Environmental risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regional variations in serum IL-35 levels and association with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Validity and applicability of machine learning models for systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Active Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Fars Province, Iran: Associations With Geographical and Meteorological Determinants-A Retrospective Cross‑Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Keratinocyte VISTA attenuates UV light-induced skin injury by suppressing cutaneous type I interferon (IFN-I) response.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Understanding Sex Differences in Autoimmune Diseases: Immunologic Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Environmental Risk Factors for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Through the Lens of Social Determinants of Health.Arthritis care & research · 2025Review
- Descriptive analysis to establish the prevalence of lead-associated chronic conditions among adult public health registry participants in Flint, Michigan: identifying disparities to support focused recovery efforts.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics in Lupus Nephritis vs. Non-Lupus Nephritis Patients-A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis Based on 921 Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The Impact of Microbiota-Immunity-Hormone Interactions on Autoimmune Diseases and Infection.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Association Between Diseases and Symptoms Diagnosed in Primary Care and the Subsequent Specific Risk of Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complicated chronic autoimmune disorder. Several genetic and environmental factors were suggested to be implicated in its pathogenesis. The main objective of this study was to examine how exposure to selected environmental factors was associated with SLE risk to support the development of disease preventive strategies. A case-control study was conducted at the Rheumatology outpatient clinic of Alexandria Main University Hospital, in Alexandria, Egypt. The study sample consisted of 29 female SLE patients, and 27 healthy female controls, who matched the cases on age and parity. Data were collected by a structured interviewing questionnaire. Blood levels of lead, cadmium, and zinc of all participants were assessed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The multivariate stepwise logistic regression model revealed that five factors showed significant association with SLE, namely living near agricultural areas, passive smoking, blood lead levels ≥ 0.075 mg/L, and exposure to sunlight (odds ratio (OR) 58.556, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.897-1807.759, OR 24.116, 95% CI 1.763-329.799, OR 18.981, 95% CI 1.228-293.364, OR 9.549, 95% CI 1.299-70.224, respectively). Whereas walking or doing exercise were significantly protective factors (P = 0.006). The findings of this study add to the evidence that SLE can be environmentally induced. Preventive measures should be taken to address the environmental risk factors of SLE.
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